算法 练习1.2

这篇博客探讨了编程中的算法问题,重点关注Java中String对象的不可变性。通过一系列练习,如字符串转换、截取等,解释了如何在不改变原对象的情况下进行操作。例如,使用s.toUpperCase()和s.substring(6,11)来改变字符串大小写并提取子串,以及展示了如何高效地交换两个数组元素而不复制大量数据。" 11407095,1467421,.NET Micro Framework 编译问题及解决办法,"['.NET MF', '编译', '嵌入式开发']

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1.2.1^
^(表示待优化的程序)

import edu.princeton.cs.algs4.Counter;
import edu.princeton.cs.algs4.Interval1D;
import edu.princeton.cs.algs4.Interval2D;
import edu.princeton.cs.algs4.Point2D;
import edu.princeton.cs.algs4.StdOut;


public class Exercise1_2_1 {
    public static void main(String[] args){

        int N = Integer.parseInt(args[0]);
        Interval1D xinterval = new Interval1D(.1,.9);//这里的面积为0.64
        Interval1D yinterval = new Interval1D(.1,.9);
        Interval2D box = new Interval2D(xinterval,yinterval);
        box.draw();



        double[][] poly = new double[N][2];
        Counter c = new Counter("hits");
        for(int i = 0;i < N;i++){
            double x = Math.random();
            double y = Math.random();

            Point2D p = new Point2D(x,y);

            poly[i][0] = x;
            poly[i][1] = y;


            if(!box.contains(p))
                c.increment();
            else
                p.draw();
        }


        double[] d = new double[N];
        for(int i = 0;i < N - 1;i++){
            for(int j = i + 1;j < N;j++){
                d[i] = (poly[i][0] - poly[j][0]) * (poly[i][0] - poly[j][0]) + (poly[i][1] - poly[j][1]) * (poly[i][1] - poly[j][1]); 

                }
    }


        double m =  d[0];
        for(int i = 0; i < N - 1;i++){
            //StdOut.println(d[i]);
            if(m > d[i])
                m = d[i];
        }



        StdOut.println(Math.sqrt(m));
        StdOut.println(c);
        StdOut.println(box.area());
    }
}

1.2.2

import edu.princeton.cs.algs4.Interval1D;
import edu.princeton.cs.algs4.StdDraw;
import edu.princeton.cs.algs4.StdIn;
import edu.princeton.cs.algs4.StdOut;

public class Exercise1_2_2{
    public static void main(String[] args){
        int N = Integer.parseInt(args[0]);
        Interval1D[] interval = new Interval1D[N];
        double[] d = StdIn.readDoubles();
        for(int i = 0;i < N;i++){
            interval[i] = new Interval1D(d[2 * i],d[2 * i + 1]);
            for(int j = N / 2;j < N;j++){
                if(i != j)
                    if(interval[i].intersects(interval[j])){
                        StdDraw.line(interval[i].left(),0.5,interval[i].right(),0.5);
                        StdOut.println("Interval[" + i + "] intersects with Interval[" + j + "]");
                    }
            }
        }
    }
}

1.2.3

import edu.princeton.cs.algs4.Interval1D;
import edu.princeton.cs.algs4.Interval2D;
import edu.princeton.cs.algs4.Point2D;
import edu.princeton.cs.algs4.StdDraw;
import edu.princeton.cs.algs4.StdOut;

public class Exercise1_2_3{
    public static void main(String[] args){
        StdOut.println("Enter N: ");
        int N = Integer.parseInt(args[0]);
        StdOut.println("Enter min and max: ");
        double min = Double.parseDouble(args[1]);
        double max = Double.parseDouble(args[2]);
        StdDraw.setXscale(0,1);
        StdDraw.setYscale(0,1);
        StdDraw.setPenRadius(0.001);
        StdDraw.setPenColor(StdDraw.RED);

        Interval2D[] box = new Interval2D[N];
        Interval1D[] xinterval = new Interval1D[N];
        Interval1D[] yinterval = new Interval1D[N];
        double average = max - min;
        Point2D[][] p = new Point2D[N][2];

        for(int i = 0;i < N;i++){
            double x = Math.random();
            double y = Math.random();
            double x1 = x + average * Math.random();
            double y1 = y + average * Math.random();
            if(x1 > 1) x1 = 1;
            if(y1 > 1) y1 = 1;

            p[i][0] = new Point2D(x,y);
            p[i][1] = new Point2D(x1,y1);
            xinterval[i] = new Interval1D(x,x1);
            yinterval[i] = new Interval1D(y,y1);
            box[i] = new Interval2D(xinterval[i],yinterval[i]);
            box[i].draw();
        }
        for(int i = 0;i < N -1;i++)
            for(int j = i + 1;j < N;j++){
                StdDraw.setPenColor(StdDraw.BLACK);
                box[i].draw();
                box[j].draw();
            }
        for(int i = 0;i < N - 1;i++)
            for(int j = i + 1;j < N;j++){
                if(box[i].contains(p[j][0]) && box[j].contains(p[j][1])){
                    StdDraw.setPenRadius(0.005);
                    StdDraw.setPenColor(StdDraw.BLUE);
                    box[i].draw();
                    StdDraw.setPenColor(StdDraw.GREEN);
                    box[j].draw();
                    StdOut.println("i = " + i + "j = " + j + " " + box[i].toString() + box[j].toString());
                }
            }
    }
}

1.2.4
world
hello

1.2.5
(书上有答案)
“Hello World”。String对象是不可变的——所有字符串方法都会返回一个新的String对象(但它们不会改变参数对象的值)。这段代码忽略了返回的对象并直接打印了原字符串。要打印出”WORLD”,请用s = s.toUpperCase()和s = s.substring(6,11)。

1.2.6

import edu.princeton.cs.algs4.StdOut;

public class Exercise1_2_6{
    public static void main(String[] args){
        String s = "ACTGACG";
        String t = "TGACGAC";
        String p = s.concat(s);
        if(s.length() == t.length() && p.indexOf(t) > 0)
            StdOut.println("Yes!");
        else
            StdOut.println("No!");
    }
}

1.2.7
自己写一下代码操作一下即可
例:

import edu.princeton.cs.algs4.StdOut;

public class Exercise1_2_7{
    public static String mystery(String s){
        int N = s.length();
        if(N <= 1) return s;
        String a = s.substring(0,N / 2);
        String b = s.substring(N / 2,N);
        StdOut.println(a + b);
        return mystery(b) + mystery(a);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args){
        String s = "0123456789";
        String a = mystery(s);
        StdOut.println("a = " + a);
    }
}

结果为:
0123456789
56789
789
89
56
01234
234
34
01
a = 9876543210

1.2.8
(书上有答案)
这段代码会将它们交换。它的效率不可能再高了,因为它复制的是引用而不需要复制数百万个元素。

1.2.9

import java.util.Arrays;

import edu.princeton.cs.algs4.Counter;
import edu.princeton.cs.algs4.In;
import edu.princeton.cs.algs4.StdIn;
import edu.princeton.cs.algs4.StdOut;


public class Exercise1_2_9 {
    public static int rank(int key,int[] a,Counter keys){

        int lo = 0;
        int hi = a.length - 1;
        keys.increment();
        while(lo <= hi){
            int mid = lo + (hi - lo) / 2;
            if(key < a[mid]) hi = mid - 1;
            else if(key > a[mid]) lo = mid + 1;
            else return mid;
        }
        return -1;
    }
    public static void main(String[] args){
        Counter keys = new Counter("keys");
        int[] whitelist = In.readInts(args[0]);
        Arrays.sort(whitelist);
        while(!StdIn.isEmpty()){
            int key = StdIn.readInt();
            if(rank(key,whitelist, keys) < 0)
                StdOut.println(key);
        }
        StdOut.println("\t" + keys);
    }
}

1.2.10

import edu.princeton.cs.algs4.StdDraw;
import edu.princeton.cs.algs4.StdOut;

public class Exercise1_2_10{
    private int count;
    private int val;
    private int x = 0;
    int maxOperation;
    int maxVal;

    public Exercise1_2_10(int N,int max){
        maxOperation = N;
        maxVal = max;
        StdDraw.setXscale(0,N);
        StdDraw.setYscale(-max,max);
        StdDraw.setPenRadius(0.05);
        StdDraw.setPenColor(StdDraw.RED);
    }
    public int tally(){
        return count;
    }
    public void increment(){
        if(count < maxOperation && val < maxVal){
            count++;
            val++;
            x++;
            StdDraw.point(x,val);
        }
    }
    public void decrement(){
        if(count < maxOperation && val > -maxVal){
            count++;
            val--;
            x++;
            StdDraw.point(x,val);
        }
    }
    public static void main(String[] args){
        Exercise1_2_10 VC = new Exercise1_2_10(10,20);

        VC.increment();
        VC.increment();

        VC.decrement();
        VC.decrement();
        VC.decrement();
        VC.decrement();
        VC.decrement();
        VC.decrement();
        VC.decrement();
        VC.decrement();
        VC.decrement();
        VC.decrement();

        StdOut.println(VC.tally());

    }
}

1.2.11

public class SmartDate{
    private final int month;
    private final int day;
    private final int year;

    public SmartDate(int m,int d,int y){
        month = m;
        day = d;
        year = y;
        if(month < 13 && month > 0){
            switch(month){
            case 1:
            case 3:
            case 5:
            case 7:
            case 8:
            case 10:
            case 12:
                if(day > 31 || day < 1)
                throw new RuntimeException("Error: illegal Date");
            break;

            case 4:
            case 6:
            case 9:
            case 11:
                if(day > 30||day < 1)
                    throw new RuntimeException("Error:illegal Date");
                break;

            case 2:
                if(year % 4 == 0){
                    if(day > 29 || day < 1)
                        throw new RuntimeException("Error:illegal Date");
                }else if(day > 28|| day < 1)
                    throw new RuntimeException("Error: illegal Date");
            }
        }
        else throw new RuntimeException("Error: illegal Date");
    }
    public static void main(String[] args){
        SmartDate SD = new SmartDate(Integer.parseInt(args[0]),Integer.parseInt(args[1]),Integer.parseInt(args[2]));
    }


}

1.2.12

import edu.princeton.cs.algs4.StdOut;

public class SmartDate {

         private final int month;

         private final int day;

         private final int year;

         public int dayOfTheWeek;



         public SmartDate(int m, int d, int y)

         {    

             month = m; 

            day = d; 

            year = y;

            if (month < 13 && month >0 )

            {

                switch(month)

                {

               case 1:

                case 3:

                case 5:

                case 7:

                case 8:

                case 10:

                case 12:

                    if (day > 31 || day < 1)

                        throw new RuntimeException("Error: illegal Date");

                break;



                case 4:

                case 6:

                case 9:

                case 11:

                    if (day > 30 || day < 1)

                        throw new RuntimeException("Error: illegal Date");

                break;



                case 2:

                    if (year % 4 == 0)

                    {

                        if (day > 29 || day < 1)

                            throw new RuntimeException("Error: illegal Date");

                    }

                    else if (day > 28 || day < 1)

                        throw new RuntimeException("Error: illegal Date");

                }

            }

            else throw new RuntimeException("Error: illegal Date");

        }



        public int month()

        {    return month;    }

        public int day()

        {    return day;        }

        public int year()

        {    return year;    }

        public void dayOfTheWeek()

        {    

            dayOfTheWeek = (year+(year/4)-15+(26*(month+1)/10)+day-1)%7;//using Zeller formula to obtain the value

            switch(dayOfTheWeek)

            {

            case 1:

                StdOut.println("Monday");

                break;

            case 2:

                StdOut.println("Tuesday");

                break;

            case 3:

                StdOut.println("Wednesday");

                break;

            case 4:

                StdOut.println("Thursday");

                break;

            case 5:

               StdOut.println("Friday");

               break;

            case 6:

                StdOut.println("Saturday");

                break;

            case 7:

                  StdOut.println("Sunday");

                break;

            }

        }





        public static void main(String[] args)

        {

            SmartDate SD = new SmartDate(Integer.parseInt(args[0]),Integer.parseInt(args[1]),Integer.parseInt(args[2]));

            SD.dayOfTheWeek();

        }



    }

1.2.13
(仅供参考,欢迎指正)

public class Transaction{
    private String who;
    private SmartDate when;
    private double amount;

    public Transaction(String who,SmartDate when,double amount){
        if(who == null)
            throw new IlllegalArgumentException("Illegal date");
        this.who = who;
        this.when = when;
        this.amount = amount;
    }
    public String toString(){
        return (who + " " + when.toString() + " " + amount);
    }
    public String getWho(){
        return who;
    }
    public void setWho(String who){
        this.who = who;
    }
    public SmartDate getWhen(){
        return when;
    }
    public void setWhen(SmartDate when){
        this.when = when;
    }
    public double getAmount(){
        return amount;
    }
    public void setAmount(double amount){
        this.amount = amount;
    }

    public int compareTo(Transaction that){
        return this.when.compareTo(that.when);
    }
    public int hashCode(){
        return this.toString().hashCode();
    }
}

1.2.14
(仅供参考,欢迎指正)

public class Transaction{
    private String who;
    private SmartDate when;
    private double amount;

    public Transaction(String who,SmartDate when,double amount){
        if(who == null)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal date");
        this.who = who;
        this.when = when;
        this.amount = amount;
    }
    public String toString(){
        return (who + " " + when.toString() + " " + amount);
    }
    public String getWho(){
        return who;
    }
    public void setWho(String who){
        this.who = who;
    }
    public SmartDate getWhen(){
        return when;
    }
    public void setWhen(SmartDate when){
        this.when = when;
    }
    public double getAmount(){
        return amount;
    }
    public void setAmount(double amount){
        this.amount = amount;
    }
    public boolean equals(Object x){
        if(this == x)
            return true;
        if(x == null)
            return false;
        if(this.getClass() != x.getClass())
            return false;
        Transaction that = (Transaction) x;
        if(this.who != that.who)
            return false;
        if(this.when != that.when)
            return false;
        if(this.amount != that.amount)
            return false;
        return true;
    }
    public int compareTo(Transaction that){
        return this.when.comparaTo(that.when);
    }
    public int hashCode(){
        return this.toString().hashCode();
    }
}
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