【代码】第6章 Ajax数据爬取

最新推荐文章于 2024-12-31 18:06:30 发布

原创最新推荐文章于 2024-12-31 18:06:30 发布 · 316 阅读

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本文介绍了一种使用Python爬取微博个人主页和今日头条图片的方法，包括Ajax请求解析、数据提取及存储到MongoDB的过程。

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6.3 Ajax结果提取


# 微博个人主页爬取
from urllib.parse import urlencode
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
from pymongo import  MongoClient

# 需要先开启MongoDB服务
client = MongoClient()
db = client['weibo']
collection = db['weibo']

import requests
base_url = 'https://m.weibo.cn/api/container/getIndex?'
headers = {
    'Host': 'm.weibo.cn',
    'Referer': 'https://m.weibo.cn/u/2830678474',
    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) '
                  'AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) '
                  'Chrome/69.0.3497.100 Safari/537.36',
    'X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest',
}


def get_page(page):
    params = {
        'type': 'uid',
        'value': '2830678474',
        'containerid': '1076032830678474',
        'page': page
    }
    url = base_url + urlencode(params)
    try:
        resp = requests.get(url=url, headers=headers)
        if resp.status_code == 200:
            return resp.json()
    except requests.ConnectionError as e:
        print('Error:', e.args)


def parse_page(json):
    if json:
        items = json.get('data').get('cards')
        for item in items:
            item = item.get('mblog')
            # 这里，某个getIndex?可能返回不了含有mblog键的数据，返回None
            if item == None:
                # print(item, end='\n===================\n')
                continue
            weibo = {}
            weibo['id'] = item.get('id')
            weibo['text'] = pq(item.get('text')).text()
            weibo['attitudes'] = item.get('attitudes_count')
            weibo['comments'] = item.get('comments_count')
            weibo['reposts'] = item.get('reposts_count')
            yield weibo


def save_2_mongo(result):
    if collection.insert(result):   # 插入字典
        print('save to mongo')


if __name__ == '__main__':
    for page in range(1, 11):
        json = get_page(page)
        results = parse_page(json)
        for result in results:
            save_2_mongo(result)

6.4 分析ajax，爬取今日头条斋藤飞鸟美图

import requests
from urllib.parse import urlencode
import os
from hashlib import md5
from multiprocessing.pool import Pool

GROUP_START = 1
GROUP_END = 20


def get_page(offset):
    para = {
        'offset': offset,
        'format': 'json',
        'keyword': '斋藤飞鸟',
        'autoload': 'true',
        'count': 20,
        'cur_tab': 3,   # 3,而不是1，对应：“综合 视频 图集 用户” 中的图集
        'from': 'gallery'   # gallery,而不是search_tab
    }
    headers = {
        'Host': 'www.toutiao.com',
        'Referer': 'https://www.toutiao.com/search/?keyword=%E6%96%8B%E8%97%A4%E9%A3%9E%E9%B8%9F',
        'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) '
                      'AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) '
                      'Chrome/69.0.3497.100 Safari/537.36',
        'x-requested-with': 'XMLHttpRequest',
    }
    url = 'https://www.toutiao.com/search_content/?' + urlencode(para)
    try:
        resp = requests.get(url=url)    # 不加headers=headers，似乎也能爬取
        if resp.status_code == 200:
            return resp.json()     # ajax请求，似乎返回json格式数据
    except requests.ConnectionError:
        return None


def get_image(json):
    # print(json)
    if json.get('data'):    # 如果data项不为空
        for item in json.get('data'):
            title = item.get('title')
            image = item.get('large_image_url')
            # 课本原文爬取参数项已失效，看来需要拿到article_url，在新的文章页面中进行爬取，此处只爬取大封面图作为示范
            yield {
                'image': image,
                'title': title
            }


def save_image(item):
    file_name = item.get('title')
    if not os.path.exists(file_name):
        os.makedirs(file_name)
    try:
        resp = requests.get(item.get('image'))
        if resp.status_code == 200:
            file_path = '{0}/{1}.{2}'.format(file_name, md5(resp.content).hexdigest(), 'jpg')
            if not os.path.exists(file_path):
                with open(file_path, 'wb') as f:
                    f.write(resp.content)
            else:
                print('Already Download ', file_path)
    except requests.ConnectionError:
        print('Failed to Save Image.')


def main(offset):
   json = get_page(offset)
   for item in get_image(json):
       print(item)
       save_image(item)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    pool = Pool()
    groups = ([x*20 for x in range(GROUP_START, GROUP_END+1)])
    print(groups)
    pool.map(main, groups)
    pool.close()
    pool.join() # 等待所有子线程结束（即关闭后）