开发环境windows安装oracle 19c并连接数据库

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原创 2026-04-14 10:31:34 1.7k 阅读 AI 写同款· GEO 优化 ›

Oracle19c安装，基本配置教程（超详细）安装有出错的风险，卸载也是比较麻烦的，所以先提前设置一个还原点，在windows中的步骤如下，如果对自己有信心，可以直接跳过该部分开始安装oracle在设置中进入创建还原点的界面开始创建还原点上面已经成功创建了还原点，如果安装oracle时出现问题，自己也无法解决，恢复到安装之前即可，恢复步骤如下经过上面的步骤，Oracle我们就能够正常使用了，我们就使用自己在sql plus里面创建的账号即可，创建的表会默认存放在我们自己创建的表空间里面。阅读详情

oracle 19c下载地址：https://www.oracle.com/cn/database/technologies/oracle-database-software-downloads.html#license-lightbox

在这里插入图片描述

创建链接服务器（远程数据库、DB_LINK），登录 sql plus ，如下：
在这里插入图片描述

创建 链接服务器（远程数据库）语句如下：

CREATE DATABASE LINK dblink_yybip
CONNECT TO yybip
 IDENTIFIED BY Afxm1234 USING
  '(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=10.80.189.12)
  (PORT=1521))(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=ORCL)))';

查看所有数据库连接，如下：

-- 查看所有的数据库链接
SELECT * FROM dba_db_links;

-- 删除数据库连接
DROP DATABASE LINK dblink_yybip;

-- 查看当前用户的数据库链接
SELECT * FROM user_db_links;

-- 查询远程数据库中的数据
SELECT * FROM IUAP_APDOC_BASEDOC.BO_ORGADMIN@DBLINK_YYBIP;

-- 查询所有模式名称
SELECT username FROM dba_users;

-- 查询当前登录用户拥有的模式名称
SELECT username FROM all_users;

-- 创建用户
create user C##RY_NET
  default tablespace USERS
  temporary tablespace TEMP
  profile DEFAULT
  password expire
  quota unlimited on users;
  
-- 给用户授权系统权限
grant create session to C##RY_NET;
grant unlimited tablespace to C##RY_NET;

-- 给用户授权创建链接数据库的权限
GRANT CREATE DATABASE LINK TO c##ry_net;

-- 创建角色
CREATE ROLE c##remote_yybip_reader;

-- 查看当前用户拥有的角色
SELECT * FROM USER_ROLE_PRIVS;

-- 查看所有角色
SELECT * FROM DBA_ROLES;

-- 查看某个角色被授予了哪些权限
SELECT * FROM DBA_ROLE_PRIVS WHERE GRANTED_ROLE = 'C##REMOTE_YYBIP_READER';

-- 查看某个角色授予了哪些对象权限
SELECT * FROM DBA_TAB_PRIVS WHERE GRANTEE = 'C##REMOTE_YYBIP_READER';

-- 查看角色是否已经存在
SELECT * FROM DBA_ROLES WHERE ROLE = 'C##REMOTE_YYBIP_READER';

-- 检查角色是否已授予用户
SELECT * FROM DBA_ROLE_PRIVS WHERE GRANTEE = 'C##RY_NET' AND GRANTED_ROLE = 'C##REMOTE_YYBIP_READER';

-- 授权角色给用户
GRANT c##remote_yybip_reader TO c##ry_net;

-- 给用户取消角色授权
REVOKE c##remote_yybip_reader FROM c##ry_net;

-- 删除角色
DROP ROLE c##remote_yybip_reader;

-- 创建新的模式
CREATE USER my_schema IDENTIFIED BY password;
CREATE USER c##newuser IDENTIFIED BY password;

-- 授予模式权限
GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON table_name TO my_schema;

-- 查看所有表空间
SELECT * FROM DBA_TABLESPACES; 
SELECT tablespace_name FROM dba_tablespaces;

-- 查看指定表空间下的所有表
SELECT TABLE_NAME,TABLESPACE_NAME FROM DBA_TABLES WHERE TABLESPACE_NAME='USERS';

-- 查看当前用户默认表空间
SELECT * FROM USER_USERS; 

-- 修改用户默认表空间
ALTER USER C##RY_NET DEFAULT TABLESPACE USERS; 

-- 查看指定表空间当前配额
SELECT * FROM dba_ts_quotas WHERE tablespace_name = 'USERS';

-- 分配表空间配额
ALTER USER C##RY_NET QUOTA UNLIMITED ON USERS;

-- 验证权限
SELECT * FROM dba_sys_privs WHERE grantee = 'C##RY_NET';

-- 基本权限
GRANT CREATE SESSION TO C##RY_NET; 

-- 分配表空间配额
GRANT UNLIMITED TABLESPACE TO C##RY_NET; 

-- 具体表的权限
GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON DM_BED TO C##RY_NET; 

-- 切换会话
ALTER SESSION SET CURRENT_SCHEMA = C##RY_NET;

-- 列出当前用户的序列
SELECT * FROM USER_SEQUENCES;
SELECT * FROM DBA_SEQUENCES ORDER BY SEQUENCE_NAME;

-- 用序列和触发器生成自增ID
CREATE SEQUENCE sys_logininfor_seq START WITH 1 INCREMENT BY 1;
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER sys_logininfor_seq_tr
 BEFORE INSERT ON sys_logininfor FOR EACH ROW
 WHEN (NEW.info_id IS NULL)
BEGIN
 SELECT sys_logininfor_seq.NEXTVAL INTO :NEW.info_id FROM DUAL;
END;

-- 查看序列当前值
SELECT C##RY_NET.SYS_LOGININFOR_SEQ.CURRVAL FROM DUAL;
-- 输出序列的当前值，确保它是正确的

-- 生成下一个值
SELECT C##RY_NET.SYS_LOGININFOR_SEQ.NEXTVAL FROM DUAL;
-- 输出序列的下一个值，确保它是连续的

-- 使用 ALTER SEQUENCE 语句将序列的当前值调整到 133
SELECT C##RY_NET.SYS_LOGININFOR_SEQ.CURRVAL FROM DUAL; -- 39
ALTER SEQUENCE C##RY_NET.SYS_LOGININFOR_SEQ INCREMENT BY 94; -- 修改步长
SELECT C##RY_NET.SYS_LOGININFOR_SEQ.NEXTVAL FROM DUAL; -- 39+94=133
SELECT C##RY_NET.SYS_LOGININFOR_SEQ.CURRVAL FROM DUAL; -- 133
ALTER SEQUENCE C##RY_NET.SYS_LOGININFOR_SEQ INCREMENT BY 1; -- 恢复步长

-- 从 Oracle 12c 开始，可以利用 GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY 来生成自增列
CREATE TABLE your_table (
  id NUMBER GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY,
  other_column VARCHAR2(100)
);
INSERT INTO your_table (other_column) VALUES ('some_value');

-- 查询PDB
SELECT name FROM v$pdbs;

-- 切换到指定PDB
alter session set container = orclpdb;

-- 修改指定PDB状态
ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE orclpdb OPEN READ WRITE;

-- 查询指定PDB状态
select name,open_mode from v$pdbs where name='ORCLPDB';

-- 查询数据库实例
SELECT instance_name, status FROM v$instance;

-- 查询数据库服务
select global_name from global_name;

tnsnames.ora 和 listener.ora 配置文件都正确，但 TNSListener 服务无法启动。检查 环境变量 中是否存在 ORACLE_HOME ，将其删除，重新启动 TNSListener 服务。

# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: C:\Users\Administrator\Downloads\WINDOWS.X64_193000_db_home\NETWORK\ADMIN\tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

LISTENER_ORCL =
  (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.3.185)(PORT = 1521))


ORACLR_CONNECTION_DATA =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SID = CLRExtProc)
      (PRESENTATION = RO)
    )
  )

ORCL =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.3.185)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl.mshome.net)
    )
  )

# listener.ora Network Configuration File: C:\Users\Administrator\Downloads\WINDOWS.X64_193000_db_home\NETWORK\ADMIN\listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = CLRExtProc)
      (ORACLE_HOME = C:\Users\Administrator\Downloads\WINDOWS.X64_193000_db_home)
      (PROGRAM = extproc)
      (ENVS = "EXTPROC_DLLS=ONLY:C:\Users\Administrator\Downloads\WINDOWS.X64_193000_db_home\bin\oraclr19.dll")
    )
  )

LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.3.185)(PORT = 1521))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
    )
  )

命令行启动数据库实例：

Microsoft Windows [Version 10.0.19045.6332]
(c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

C:\Users\Administrator>sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Sat Oct 4 13:06:30 2025
Version 19.3.0.0.0

Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.3.0.0.0

SQL> startup
ORA-01081: cannot start already-running ORACLE - shut it down first
SQL> select status from v$instance;

STATUS
------------
OPEN

SQL>

检查监听器状态：

C:\Users\Administrator>lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for 64-bit Windows: Version 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on 04-OCT-2025 13:09:19

Copyright (c) 1991, 2019, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.3.185)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for 64-bit Windows: Version 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Start Date                04-OCT-2025 10:15:11
Uptime                    0 days 2 hr. 54 min. 8 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   C:\Users\Administrator\Downloads\WINDOWS.X64_193000_db_home\network\admin\listener.ora
Listener Log File         D:\Oracle19CBaseDic\diag\tnslsnr\DESKTOP-S83F2IH\listener\alert\log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.3.185)(PORT=1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(PIPENAME=\\.\pipe\EXTPROC1521ipc)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcps)(HOST=DESKTOP-S83F2IH)(PORT=5500))(Security=(my_wallet_directory=D:\ORACLE19CBASEDIC\admin\orcl\xdb_wallet))(Presentation=HTTP)(Session=RAW))
Services Summary...
Service "52448234712340b69f274bcc790ecfe0.mshome.net" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "CLRExtProc" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "CLRExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "cb256491eb234c18ae41c8f8bcc40ca5.mshome.net" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orcl.mshome.net" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orclXDB.mshome.net" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orclpdb.mshome.net" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

C:\Users\Administrator>

配置 ORCLPDB 数据库，配置完毕重启 services.msc 中的 OracleOraDB19Home1TNSListener 服务，listener.ora 和 tnsnames.ora 配置如下：

# listener.ora Network Configuration File: D:\WINDOWS.X64_193000_db_home\NETWORK\ADMIN\listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = CLRExtProc)
      (ORACLE_HOME = D:\WINDOWS.X64_193000_db_home)
      (PROGRAM = extproc)
      (ENVS = "EXTPROC_DLLS=ONLY:D:\WINDOWS.X64_193000_db_home\bin\oraclr19.dll")
    )
	(SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = ORCLPDB)
      (ORACLE_HOME = D:\WINDOWS.X64_193000_db_home)
      (PROGRAM = extproc)
      (ENVS = "EXTPROC_DLLS=ONLY:D:\WINDOWS.X64_193000_db_home\bin\oraclr19.dll")
    )
  )

LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 0.0.0.0)(PORT = 1521))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
    )
  )

# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: D:\WINDOWS.X64_193000_db_home\NETWORK\ADMIN\tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

LISTENER_ORCL =
  (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 0.0.0.0)(PORT = 1521))


ORACLR_CONNECTION_DATA =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SID = CLRExtProc)
      (PRESENTATION = RO)
    )
  )

ORCL =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 0.0.0.0)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
    )
  )
  
ORCLPDB =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = orclpdb)
    )
  )

浏览器访问 https://127.0.0.1:5500/em/shell 可以使用用户名密码登录 Oracle 的企业管理器，如下图：
在这里插入图片描述
查询是否为 CDB（Container Databse）容器数据库，如下：

-- 查看用户
SELECT username FROM dba_users
-- 查看数据库是否为CDB容器数据库
SELECT a.name,a.CDB, a.* FROM v$database a;
-- v$pdbs 视图，该视图只有在 CDB（容器数据库）中才存在，用于列出所有 PDB
SELECT name, open_mode FROM v$pdbs;

使用 DBCA（Database Configuration Assistant） 创建 PDB（Pluggable Databse）可插拔数据库，如下：
在这里插入图片描述

在本机的 tnsnames.org 文件中添加如下配置：

DevServerMYDB =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.80.189.43)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = mydb)
    )
  )

远程服务器 10.80.189.43 上的 tnsnames.org 如下：

# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: D:\WINDOWS.X64_193000_db_home\NETWORK\ADMIN\tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

LISTENER_ORCL =
  (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 0.0.0.0)(PORT = 1521))


ORACLR_CONNECTION_DATA =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SID = CLRExtProc)
      (PRESENTATION = RO)
    )
  )

ORCL =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 0.0.0.0)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
    )
  )

ORCLPDB =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 0.0.0.0)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = orclpdb)
    )
  )
  
MYDB =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 0.0.0.0)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = mydb)
    )
  )