python打卡DAY21

于 2025-05-17 00:48:52 发布
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##注入所需库

import pandas as pd

import seaborn as sns

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

import random

import numpy as np

import time

import shap

from sklearn.svm import SVC #支持向量机分类器

# from sklearn.neighbors import KNeighborsClassifier #K近邻分类器

# from sklearn.linear_model import LogisticRegression #逻辑回归分类器

import xgboost as xgb #XGBoost分类器

import lightgbm as lgb #LightGBM分类器

from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestClassifier #随机森林分类器

# from catboost import CatBoostClassifier #CatBoost分类器

# from sklearn.tree import DecisionTreeClassifier #决策树分类器

# from sklearn.naive_bayes import GaussianNB #高斯朴素贝叶斯分类器

from skopt import BayesSearchCV

from skopt.space import Integer

from deap import base, creator, tools, algorithms

from sklearn.model_selection import StratifiedKFold, cross_validate # 引入分层 K 折和交叉验证工具

from sklearn.metrics import accuracy_score, precision_score, recall_score, f1_score # 用于评估分类器性能的指标

from sklearn.metrics import classification_report, confusion_matrix #用于生成分类报告和混淆矩阵

from sklearn.metrics import make_scorer#定义函数

import warnings #用于忽略警告信息

warnings.filterwarnings("ignore") # 忽略所有警告信息

#聚类

from sklearn.cluster import KMeans, DBSCAN, AgglomerativeClustering

from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler

from sklearn.decomposition import PCA

from sklearn.metrics import silhouette_score, calinski_harabasz_score, davies_bouldin_score

#3D可视化

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D

#设置中文字体&负号正确显示

plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif']=['STHeiti']

plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus']=True

plt.rcParams['figure.dpi']=100

#读取数据&查看数据基本信息

data=pd.read_csv(r'data.csv')

print(f'{data.info()}\n{data.isnull().sum()}')

#绘制图像

# plt.figure(figsize=(6,4))

# sns.boxenplot(x=data['Annual Income'])

# plt.title('年收入箱线图')

# plt.tight_layout()

# plt.show()

# plt.figure(figsize=(6,4))

# sns.boxenplot(

# x='Credit Default',

# y='Monthly Debt',

# data=data.dropna()

# )

# plt.title('月欠款分类箱线图')

# plt.xticks([0,1],['n','y'])

# plt.tight_layout()

# plt.show()

# plt.figure(figsize=(6,4))

# sns.histplot(

# x='Monthly Debt',

# hue='Credit Default',

# hue_order=[0,1],

# data=data.dropna(),

# kde=True,

# element='bars'

# )

# plt.title('月欠款分类直方图')

# plt.xlabel('Credit Default')

# plt.ylabel('count')

# plt.legend(labels=['n','y'])

# plt.tight_layout()

# plt.show()

features=['Annual Income','Months since last delinquent','Number of Credit Problems','Monthly Debt']

# #绘制箱线图子图

# fig,axes=plt.subplots(2,2,figsize=(6,4))

# for i,feature in enumerate(features):

# row,col=i//2,i%2

# sns.boxenplot(x=data[feature].dropna(),ax=axes[row,col])

# axes[row,col].set_title(f'boxplot of {feature}')

# axes[row,col].set_xlabel(feature)

# plt.tight_layout()

# plt.show()

# #绘制分类箱线图子图

# fig,axes=plt.subplots(2,2,figsize=(6,4))

# for i,feature in enumerate(features):

# row,col=i//2,i%2

# sns.boxenplot(

# x='Credit Default',

# y=feature,

# data=data.dropna(),

# ax=axes[row,col]

# )

# axes[row,col].set_title(f'boxplot of {feature}')

# axes[row,col].set_label(feature)

# axes[row,col].set_xticks([0,1],['n','y'])

# plt.tight_layout()

# plt.show()

# #绘制分类箱线直方图

# fig,axes=plt.subplots(2,2,figsize=(6,4))

# for i,feature in enumerate(features):

# row,col=i//2,i%2

# sns.histplot(

# x=feature,

# hue='Credit Default',

# hue_order=(0,1),

# data=data.dropna(),

# kde=True,

# element='bars',

# ax=axes[row,col]

# )

# axes[row,col].set_title(f'histplot of {feature}')

# axes[row,col].set_xlabel(feature)

# axes[row,col].set_ylabel('count')

# axes[row,col].legend(labels=['n','y'])

# plt.tight_layout()

# plt.show()

#数据填补

for i in data.columns:

if data[i].dtype!='object':

if data[i].isnull().sum()>0:

data[i].fillna(data[i].mean(),inplace=True)

else:

if data[i].isnull().sum()>0:

data[i].fillna(data[i].mode()[0],inplace=True)

mapping={'10+ years':0,

'9 years':1,

'8 years':2,

'7 years':3,

'6 years':4,

'5 years':5,

'4 years':6,

'3 years':7,

'2 years':8,

'1 year':9,

'< 1 year':10}

data['Years in current job']=data['Years in current job'].map(mapping)

dummies_list=[]

data2=pd.read_csv(r'data.csv')

data=pd.get_dummies(data=data,drop_first=True)

for i in data.columns:

if i not in data2.columns:

dummies_list.append(i)

for i in dummies_list:

data[i]=data[i].astype(int)

print(f'{data.info()}\n{data.columns}')

# #绘制相关热力图

# continuous_features=['Annual Income', 'Years in current job', 'Tax Liens',

# 'Number of Open Accounts', 'Years of Credit History',

# 'Maximum Open Credit', 'Number of Credit Problems',

# 'Months since last delinquent', 'Bankruptcies', 'Current Loan Amount',

# 'Current Credit Balance', 'Monthly Debt', 'Credit Score']

# confusion_martix=data[continuous_features].corr()

# plt.figure(figsize=(12,10))

# sns.heatmap(confusion_martix,annot=True,cmap='coolwarm',vmin=-1,vmax=1)

# plt.title('相关热力图')

# plt.xticks(rotation=30,ha='right')

# plt.tight_layout()

# plt.show()

#划分数据集

from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split

x=data.drop('Credit Default',axis=1)

y=data['Credit Default']

x_train,x_test,y_train,y_test=train_test_split(x,y,test_size=0.2,random_state=42)

print(f'train:{x_train.shape}\ntest:{x_test.shape}')

# #模型训练

# #Randomforrest

# start_time=time.time()

# rf_model=RandomForestClassifier(random_state=42,class_weight='balanced')

# rf_model.fit(x_train,y_train)

# rf_pred=rf_model.predict(x_test)

# end_time=time.time()

# print(f'训练与预测耗时:{end_time-start_time:.4f}')

# print('\n随机森林分类报告')

# print(classification_report(y_test,rf_pred))

# print('\n随机森林混淆矩阵')

# print(confusion_matrix(y_test,rf_pred))

#定义约登系数

def youden_score(y_true,y_pred):

tn,fp,fn,tp=confusion_matrix(y_true,y_pred).ravel()

sensitivity=tp/(tp+fn)

specificity=tn/(tn+fp)

return sensitivity+specificity-1

youden_scorer=make_scorer(youden_score)


 

# #SMOTE过采样后带权重网格搜索优化的随机森林

# #SMOTE

# from imblearn.over_sampling import SMOTE

# smote=SMOTE(random_state=42)

# x_train_smote,y_train_smote=smote.fit_resample(x_train,y_train)

# #网格搜索&交叉验证

# from sklearn.model_selection import GridSearchCV

# cv_strategy=StratifiedKFold(n_splits=5,shuffle=True,random_state=42)

# param_grid={

# 'n_estimators':[5,10,15],

# 'max_depth':[None,5,10],

# 'min_samples_split':[2,3,4],

# 'min_samples_leaf':[2,3,4]

# }

# grid_search=GridSearchCV(

# estimator=RandomForestClassifier(random_state=42,class_weight='balanced'),

# param_grid=param_grid,

# cv=cv_strategy,

# n_jobs=-1,

# scoring=youden_scorer

# )

# start_time=time.time()

# grid_search.fit(x_train_smote,y_train_smote)

# end_time=time.time()

# best_model=grid_search.best_estimator_

# best_pred=best_model.predict(x_test)

# print(f'网格搜索耗时:{end_time-start_time:.4f}秒')

# print('最佳参数:',grid_search.best_params_)

# print('\n带权重网格搜索优化后的随机森林在测试集上的分类报告')

# print(classification_report(y_test,best_pred))

# print('网格搜索优化后的随机森林在测试集上的混淆矩阵')

# print(confusion_matrix(y_test,best_pred))

# #SMOTE过采样后带权重的贝叶斯优化的随机森林

# #SMOTE过采样

# from imblearn.over_sampling import SMOTE

# smote=SMOTE(random_state=42)

# x_train_smote,y_train_smote=smote.fit_resample(x_train,y_train)

# #贝叶斯优化&交叉验证

# from sklearn.model_selection import GridSearchCV

# cv_strategy=StratifiedKFold(n_splits=5,shuffle=True,random_state=42)

# search_space={

# 'n_estimators':Integer(1,5),

# 'max_depth':Integer(1,5),

# 'min_samples_split':Integer(2,6),

# 'min_samples_leaf':Integer(1,5)

# }

# bayes_search=BayesSearchCV(

# estimator=RandomForestClassifier(random_state=42,class_weight='balanced'),

# search_spaces=search_space,

# cv=cv_strategy,

# n_jobs=-1,

# scoring=youden_scorer

# )

# start_time=time.time()

# bayes_search.fit(x_train_smote,y_train_smote)

# end_time=time.time()

# best_model=bayes_search.best_estimator_

# best_pred=best_model.predict(x_test)

# print(f'贝叶斯优化耗时:{end_time-start_time:.4f}秒')

# print('最佳参数',bayes_search.best_params_)

# print('\n贝叶斯优化后的随机森林在测试集上的分类报告')

# print(classification_report(y_test,best_pred))

# print('\n贝叶斯优化后的随机森林在测试集上侧混淆矩阵')

# print(confusion_matrix(y_test,best_pred))

# #shap分析

# start_time=time.time()

# explainer=shap.TreeExplainer(best_model)

# shap_values=explainer.shap_values(x_test)

# end_time=time.time()

# print(f"shap分析耗时: {end_time - start_time:.4f} 秒")

# print('shap_values shape:',shap_values.shape)

# print('shap_values[0,:,:]shape',shap_values[0,:,:].shape)##这里也可以省略后面的写作shap_values[0】，代表第一个样本所有特征对所有类别的贡献，后面部位可以省略但是前面不能。

# print('shap_values[:,:,0]shape',shap_values[:,:,0].shape)

# print('x_test shape',x_test.shape)

# ##SHAP特征重要性条形图 (Summary Plot - bar)

# print("--- 2. SHAP 特征重要性条形图 ---")

# shap.summary_plot(

# shap_values[:,:,0],

# x_test,

# plot_type='bar',

# show=False

# )

# plt.title('shap特征重要性条形图')

# plt.tight_layout()

# plt.show()

# ##SHAP特征重要性蜂巢图

# print("--- 2. SHAP 特征重要性蜂巢图 ---")

# shap.summary_plot(

# shap_values[:,:,0],

# x_test,

# plot_type='violin',

# show=False

# )

# plt.title(' SHAP特征重要性小提琴图')

# plt.tight_layout()

# plt.show()

#标准化数据，将自变量标准化，聚类就是从自变量中聚合新的自变量，与因变量无关

scaler=StandardScaler()

x_scaled=scaler.fit_transform(x)

#Kmeans++聚类

k_range=range(2,5)

inertia_value=[]

silhouette_scores=[]

ch_scores=[]

db_scores=[]

start_time=time.time()

for k in k_range:

kmeans=KMeans(n_clusters=k,random_state=42)

kmeans_label=kmeans.fit_predict(x_scaled)#提供了每个数据点所属的簇的信息，用于区分不同簇的数据点

inertia_value.append(kmeans.inertia_)

silhouette=silhouette_score(x_scaled,kmeans_label)

silhouette_scores.append(silhouette)

ch=calinski_harabasz_score(x_scaled,kmeans_label)

ch_scores.append(ch)

db=davies_bouldin_score(x_scaled,kmeans_label)

db_scores.append(db)

# print(f'k={k}\n 惯性:{kmeans.inertia_:.2f}\n轮廓系数:{silhouette:.3f}\n CH系数:{ch:.2f}\n DB{db:.3f}')

end_time=time.time()

print(f'聚类分析耗时：{end_time-start_time:.4f}')

# #绘制评估指标图

# plt.figure(figsize=(12,6))

# #肘部法则图

# plt.subplot(2,2,1)

# plt.plot(k_range,inertia_value,marker='o')

# plt.title('肘部法则确定最优聚类数 k(惯性，越小越好)')

# plt.xlabel('聚类数 (k)')

# plt.ylabel('惯性')

# plt.grid(True)

# #轮廓系数图

# plt.subplot(2,2,2)

# plt.plot(k_range,silhouette_scores,marker='o',color='orange')

# plt.title('轮廓系数确定最优聚类数 k(越大越好)')

# plt.xlabel('聚类数 (k)')

# plt.ylabel('轮廓系数')

# plt.grid(True)

# #CH指数图

# plt.subplot(2,2,3)

# plt.plot(k_range,ch_scores,marker='o',color='red')

# plt.title('Calinski-Harabasz 指数确定最优聚类数 k(越大越好)')

# plt.xlabel('聚类数 (k)')

# plt.ylabel('CH 指数')

# plt.grid(True)

# #DB指数图

# plt.subplot(2,2,4)

# plt.plot(k_range,db_scores,marker='o',color='yellow')

# plt.xlabel('聚类数 (k)')

# plt.ylabel('DB 指数')

# plt.grid(True)

# plt.tight_layout()

# plt.show()

# #选择K值进行聚类

# selected_k=20

# kmeans=KMeans(n_clusters=selected_k,random_state=42)

# kmeans_label=kmeans.fit_predict(x_scaled)

x['KMeans_Cluster']=kmeans_label

# #PCA降维

# pca=PCA(n_components=2)

# x_pca=pca.fit_transform(x_scaled)

# #聚类可视化

# plt.figure(figsize=(6,5))

# sns.scatterplot(

# x=x_pca[:,0],

# y=x_pca[:,1],

# hue=kmeans_label,

# palette='viridis'

# )

# plt.title(f'KMean Clustering with k={selected_k} (PCA Visualization)')

# plt.xlabel('PCA Component 1')

# plt.ylabel('PCA Component 2')

# plt.show()

# ##打印KMeans聚类标签前几行

# print(f'KMeans Clueter labels(k={selected_k}added to X):')

# print(x[['KMeans_Cluster']].value_counts())

start_time=time.time()

x1=x.drop('KMeans_Cluster',axis=1)

y1=x['KMeans_Cluster']

rf1_model=RandomForestClassifier(random_state=42,class_weight='balanced')

rf1_model.fit(x1,y1)

explainer=shap.TreeExplainer(rf1_model)

shap_values=explainer.shap_values(x1)

print(shap_values.shape)

# --- 1. SHAP 特征重要性条形图 (Summary Plot - Bar) ---

print("--- 1. SHAP 特征重要性条形图 ---")

shap.summary_plot(shap_values[:,:,0],x1,plot_type='bar',show=False)

plt.title("SHAP Feature Importance (Bar Plot)")

plt.tight_layout()

plt.show()

end_time=time.time()

print(f'SHAP分析耗时:{end_time-start_time:.4f}')

selected_features=['Purpose_debt consolidation','Home Ownership_Home Mortgage','Purpose_home improvements','Purpose_other']

for feature in selected_features:

unique_count=x[feature].nunique()

print(f'{feature}的唯一值数量:{unique_count}')

if unique_count<10:

print(f'{feature}可能是离散型变量')

else:

print(f'{feature}可能是连续性变量')

fig,axes=plt.subplots(2,2,figsize=(10,8))

axes=axes.flatten()

for i,feature in enumerate(selected_features):

axes[i].hist(x[feature],bins=10)

axes[i].set_title(f'histogram of {feature}')

axes[i].set_xlabel(feature)

axes[i].set_ylabel('frequency')

plt.tight_layout()

plt.show()

print(x[['KMeans_Cluster']].value_counts())

x_cluster0=x[x['KMeans_Cluster']==0]

x_cluster1=x[x['KMeans_Cluster']==1]

x_cluster2=x[x['KMeans_Cluster']==2]

x_cluster3=x[x['KMeans_Cluster']==3]

#簇0

fig,axes=plt.subplots(2,2,figsize=(6,4))

axes=axes.flatten()

for i,feature in enumerate(selected_features):

axes[i].hist(x_cluster0[feature],bins=20)

axes[i].set_title(f'Histogram of {feature}')

axes[i].set_xlabel(feature)

axes[i].set_ylabel('frequency')

plt.tight_layout()

plt.show()

#簇1

fig,axes=plt.subplots(2,2,figsize=(6,4))

axes=axes.flatten()

for i,feature in enumerate(selected_features):

axes[i].hist(x_cluster1[feature],bins=20)

axes[i].set_title(f'Histogram of {feature}')

axes[i].set_xlabel(feature)

axes[i].set_ylabel('frequency')

plt.tight_layout()

plt.show()

#簇2

fig,axes=plt.subplots(2,2,figsize=(6,4))

axes=axes.flatten()

for i,feature in enumerate(selected_features):

axes[i].hist(x_cluster2[feature],bins=20)

axes[i].set_title(f'Histogram of {feature}')

axes[i].set_xlabel(feature)

axes[i].set_ylabel('frequency')

plt.tight_layout()

plt.show()

#簇3

fig,axes=plt.subplots(2,2,figsize=(6,4))

axes=axes.flatten()

for i,feature in enumerate(selected_features):

axes[i].hist(x_cluster3[feature],bins=20)

axes[i].set_title(f'Histogram of {feature}')

axes[i].set_xlabel(feature)

axes[i].set_ylabel('frequency')

plt.tight_layout()

plt.show()

print("--- 递归特征消除 (RFE) ---")

from sklearn.feature_selection import RFE

start_time=time.time()

base_model=RandomForestClassifier(random_state=42,class_weight='balanced')

rfe=RFE(base_model,n_features_to_select=5)

rfe.fit(x_train,y_train)

x_train_rfe=rfe.transform(x_train)

x_test_rfe=rfe.transform(x_test)

selected_features_rfe=x_train.columns[rfe.support_].tolist()

print(f"RFE筛选后保留的特征数量: {len(selected_features_rfe)}")

print(f"保留的特征: {selected_features_rfe}")

#训练随机森林模型

rf_model_rfe=RandomForestClassifier(random_state=42,class_weight='balanced')

rf_model_rfe.fit(x_train_rfe,y_train)

rf_pred_rfe=rf_model_rfe.predict(x_test_rfe)

end_time=time.time()

print(f"训练与预测耗时: {end_time - start_time:.4f} 秒")

print("\nRFE筛选后随机森林在测试集上的分类报告:")

print(classification_report(y_test, rf_pred_rfe))

print("RFE筛选后随机森林在测试集上的混淆矩阵:")

print(confusion_matrix(y_test, rf_pred_rfe))

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