first class, first-class object

本文解释了一等公民对象的概念,即能在程序中动态创建、销毁、传递给函数、作为返回值的对象,拥有与其他变量相同的权利。此外,还探讨了不同编程语言中一等公民对象的具体表现形式。

In short, it means there are no restrictions on the object's use. It's the same as any other object.

A first class object is an entity that can be dynamically created, destroyed, passed to a function, returned as a value, and have all the rights as other variables in the programming language have.

Depending on the language, this can imply:

  • being expressible as an anonymous literal value
  • being storable in variables
  • being storable in data structures
  • having an intrinsic identity (independent of any given name)
  • being comparable for equality with other entities
  • being passable as a parameter to a procedure/function
  • being returnable as the result of a procedure/function
  • being constructible at runtime
  • being printable
  • being readable
  • being transmissible among distributed processes
  • being storable outside running processes
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