Codeforces 14E Camels (DP)

题意:给你一个数N,从1到N形成t个波峰和t-1个波谷,总共有多少种情况。

思路:将问题分解为求2*t-1个转折点,设dp[x][y][t]为当最后一点落在(x,y)上时,出现t个转折点的总数。那么对于当前点有两种情况,他的前一个点到当前点要么高度比他大,要么比他小。若当前点(x,y)之前出现了t个转折点,若t为偶数,也就是说只要前一个点落点在当前点的下方,当前状态要想保持任然只出现偶数t个转折点的情况,则dp[x][y][t]=∑(dp[x-1][h][t])(1<=h<y),同时只要前一个点落在当前点的上方,都可以达到dp[x][y][t+1]=∑(dp[x][h][t])(y<h<=4);当t为奇数时,同样的,dp[x][y][t]=∑(dp[x-1][h][t])(y<h<=4),dp[x][y][t+1]=∑(dp[x-1][h][t])(1<=h<y);当然,对于最开始的转折点一定是上升的。

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;
int dp[22][4][22];
int main()
{
    memset(dp,0,sizeof(dp));
    for(int i=1;i<=3;i++)
    dp[1][i][0]=1;
    for(int x=2;x<22;x++)
    for(int y=1;y<=4;y++)
    for(int t=0;t<21;t++)
    for(int h=1;h<=4;h++)
    {
        if(x==2)
        {
            if(y>h)
            {
                if(t%2)
                dp[2][y][t+1]+=dp[1][h][t];
                else
                dp[2][y][t]+=dp[1][h][t];
            }
                }
        else
            {
                if(t%2)
            {
                if(h>y)
                dp[x][y][t]+=dp[x-1][h][t];
                else if(h<y)
                dp[x][y][t+1]+=dp[x-1][h][t];
            }
            else
            {
                if(h<y)
                dp[x][y][t]+=dp[x-1][h][t];
                else if(h>y)
                dp[x][y][t+1]+=dp[x-1][h][t];
            }
            }
    }
    int n,t;
    while(cin>>n>>t)
    {
        if(1+2*t>n||n>6*t+1) {cout<<"0"<<endl;continue;}
        int ans=0;
        for(int i=1;i<=4;i++)
        ans+=dp[n][i][2*t-1];
    cout<<ans<<endl;
    }
    return 0;
}


### Codeforces 887E Problem Solution and Discussion The problem **887E - The Great Game** on Codeforces involves a strategic game between two players who take turns to perform operations under specific rules. To tackle this challenge effectively, understanding both dynamic programming (DP) techniques and bitwise manipulation is crucial. #### Dynamic Programming Approach One effective method to approach this problem utilizes DP with memoization. By defining `dp[i][j]` as the optimal result when starting from state `(i,j)` where `i` represents current position and `j` indicates some status flag related to previous moves: ```cpp #include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; const int MAXN = ...; // Define based on constraints int dp[MAXN][2]; // Function to calculate minimum steps using top-down DP int minSteps(int pos, bool prevMoveType) { if (pos >= N) return 0; if (dp[pos][prevMoveType] != -1) return dp[pos][prevMoveType]; int res = INT_MAX; // Try all possible next positions and update 'res' for (...) { /* Logic here */ } dp[pos][prevMoveType] = res; return res; } ``` This code snippet outlines how one might structure a solution involving recursive calls combined with caching results through an array named `dp`. #### Bitwise Operations Insight Another critical aspect lies within efficiently handling large integers via bitwise operators instead of arithmetic ones whenever applicable. This optimization can significantly reduce computation time especially given tight limits often found in competitive coding challenges like those hosted by platforms such as Codeforces[^1]. For detailed discussions about similar problems or more insights into solving strategies specifically tailored towards contest preparation, visiting forums dedicated to algorithmic contests would be beneficial. Websites associated directly with Codeforces offer rich resources including editorials written after each round which provide comprehensive explanations alongside alternative approaches taken by successful contestants during live events. --related questions-- 1. What are common pitfalls encountered while implementing dynamic programming solutions? 2. How does bit manipulation improve performance in algorithms dealing with integer values? 3. Can you recommend any online communities focused on discussing competitive programming tactics? 4. Are there particular patterns that frequently appear across different levels of difficulty within Codeforces contests?
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