一、AOP概述
1.为什么要使用AOP
举例:当有很多service类,要求每个方法执行前打印日志,执行后打印日志...问题:输出日志的逻辑还是无法复用,每执行一次日志都需要打印日志,造成代码冗余。
2.什么是AOP
AOP全称是Aspect Oriented Programming ,即面向切面编程。
简单的说它就是把我们程序重复的代码抽取出来,在需要执行的时候,使用动态代理的技术,在不修改源码的基础上,对程序进行增强:权限校验,日志记录,性能监控,事务控制.
3.AOP相关术语
-
连接点(joinpoint)
被拦截到的点,因为Spring只支持方法类型的连接点,所以在Spring中连接点指的就是被拦截到的方法。
-
切入点(pointcut)
切入点是指我们要对哪些连接点进行拦截的定义
-
通知(advice)
所谓通知指的就是指拦截到连接点之后要执行的代码,通知分为前置、后置、异常、最终、环绕通知五类
-
切面(aspect)
是切入点和通知的结合
-
引介(introduction)
是一种特殊的通知,在不修改代码的前提下,引介可以在运行期为类动态地添加一些方法或字段
-
目标对象(Target)
要代理的目标对象(要增强的类)
-
织入(weave)
将增强应用到目标的过程将advice应用到target的过程
-
代理(Proxy)
一个类被AOP织入增强之后,就产生一个代理类
二、 Spring AOP的配置
pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>com.by</groupId>
<artifactId>Spring</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<artifactId>Spring_AOP_Xml</artifactId>
<properties>
<maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>5.2.8.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>1.7.30</version>
</dependency>
<!--支持切点表达式-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
<version>5.2.8.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
dao层
package com.by.dao;
public interface UserDao {
void addUser();
}
package com.by.dao;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
@Repository
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao{
@Override
public void addUser() {
System.out.println("insert into ...");
}
}
service层
package com.by.service;
public interface UserService {
void addUser();
}
package com.by.service;
import com.by.dao.UserDao;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService{
@Autowired
private UserDao userDao;
@Override
public void addUser() {
userDao.addUser();
int a=6/0;
}
}
创建增强类
package com.by.advice;
import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint;
public class MyAdvice {
public void before(){
System.out.println("前置通知....");
}
public void after(){
System.out.println("最终通知...");
}
public void afterReturning(){
System.out.println("后置通知...");
}
public void afterThrowing(){
System.out.println("异常通知");
}
public void around(ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint){
System.out.println("这是环绕前通知....");
try{
joinPoint.proceed();}
catch (Throwable e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("这是环绕后通知....");
}
}
配置applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">
<context:component-scan base-package="com.by"></context:component-scan>
<!--配置增强类-->
<bean id="myAdvice" class="com.by.advice.MyAdvice"></bean>
<aop:config>
<!--
aop:pointcut:配置切点,id:切点名 expression:配置切点表达式
execution:([修饰符] 返回值类型 包名.类名.方法名(参数))
-->
<aop:pointcut id="pointcut" expression="execution(* com.by.service.*.*(..))"/>
<!--
aop:aspect:配置切面,ref:引用bean id
method:用于指定通知类中的增强方法名称
ponitcut-ref:用于指定切入点
-->
<aop:aspect ref="myAdvice">
<aop:before method="before" pointcut-ref="pointcut"></aop:before>
<aop:after method="after" pointcut-ref="pointcut"></aop:after>
<aop:around method="around" pointcut-ref="pointcut"></aop:around>
<aop:after-returning method="afterReturning" pointcut-ref="pointcut"></aop:after-returning>
<aop:after-throwing method="afterThrowing" pointcut-ref="pointcut"></aop:after-throwing>
</aop:aspect>
</aop:config>
</beans>
test
package com.by.web;
import com.by.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class Servlet {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
UserService userService = ac.getBean("userServiceImpl", UserService.class);
userService.addUser();
System.out.println(userService.getClass());
}
}
三、基于注解的AOP配置
常见的AOP注解
@Aspect:把当前类声明为切面类
@Before:前置通知,可以指定切入点表达式
@After:最终【finally】通知,可以指定切入点表达式
@AfterReturning:后置【try】通知
@AfterThrowing:异常【catch】通知
@Around:环绕通知
开启spring对AOP注解支持
applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">
<context:component-scan base-package="com.by"></context:component-scan>
<!--自动注解aop-->
<aop:aspectj-autoproxy> </aop:aspectj-autoproxy>
</beans>
增强类中加入aop注解
package com.by.advice;
import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.After;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Before;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
@Aspect
public class MyAdvice {
@Before(value = "execution(* com.by.service.*.*(..))")
public void before(){
System.out.println("前置通知..................");
}
@After(value = "execution(* com.by.service.*.*(..))")
public void after(){
System.out.println("最终通知...................");
}
}