Spring入门教程：从零开始-优快云博客

本文介绍了Spring框架的基础知识，包括常用的Spring JAR包及其功能，并详细讲述了如何从创建WEB项目开始，逐步构建User实体类、UserDao、UserService、 UserController，以及配置applicationContext进行测试的全过程。

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spring的入门编程

一、常用的springjar说明
二、准备工作

一、常用的springjar说明

spring-aop-5.0.2.RELEASE.jar：spring对aop的支持
spring-aspects-5.0.2.RELEASE.jar：spring对aspects的集成支持aspects就是一个AOP的开源库
spring-beans-5.0.2.RELEASE.jar：spring对配置文件的对象的解析与创建
spring-context-5.0.2.RELEASE.jar：spring 对上下文（应用程序的运行环境）的支持包
spring-context-support-5.0.2.RELEASE.jar：spring上下文集成的一些第三方主库，如定时器
spring-core-5.0.2.RELEASE.jar：spring 的核心包
spring-expression-5.0.2.RELEASE.jar：spring 的相关表达式包
spring-instrument-5.0.2.RELEASE.jar：辅助包【可以不使用】
spring-instrument-tomcat-5.0.2.RELEASE.jar：辅助包【对tomcat的支持】
spring-jdbc-5.0.2.RELEASE.jar：spring 对数据访问的支持，类似DbUtil.java JdbcTemplete
spring-messaging-5.0.2.RELEASE.jar
spring-jms-5.0.2.RELEASE.jar：spring 对消息中间件的支持，如可以继承MQ （Message Queue）
spring-orm-5.0.2.RELEASE.jar
spring-oxm-5.0.2.RELEASE.jar：都是对第三方 ORM 框架的扩展和集成
spring-tx-5.0.2.RELEASE.jar：spring 对所有ORM 框架的事务支持
spring-web-5.0.2.RELEASE.jar：spring 对所有的控制层的框架的集成支持如 struts
spring-webmvc-5.0.2.RELEASE.jar：springmvc
spring-websocket-5.0.2.RELEASE.jar：spring 对网页聊天的支持

二、准备工作

1. 创建一个WEB项目并导包

在这里插入图片描述

2. 导入日志包并创建log4j.properties

导包
在这里插入图片描述
创建db.properties

# Global logging configuration
log4j.rootLogger=DEBUG, stdout
# MyBatis logging configuration...
log4j.logger.org.mybatis.example.BlogMapper=TRACE
# Console output...
log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%5p [%t] - %m%n

3. 创建User实体类

package com.lasing.domain;
import java.util.Date;
public class User {
     private Integer id;
     private String name;
     private String address;
     private Date birthday;
     public User() {
           super();
     }
     public User(Integer id, String name, String address, Date  birthday) {
           super();
           this.id = id;
           this.name = name;
           this.address = address;
           this.birthday = birthday;
     }
     public Integer getId() {
           return id;
     }
     public void setId(Integer id) {
           this.id = id;
     }
     public String getName() {
           return name;
     }
     public void setName(String name) {
           this.name = name;
     }
     public String getAddress() {
           return address;
     }
     public void setAddress(String address) {
           this.address = address;
     }
     public Date getBirthday() {
           return birthday;
     }
     public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
           this.birthday = birthday;
     }
     @Override
     public String toString() {
           return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ",  address=" + address + ", birthday=" + birthday + "]";
     }
}

4. 创建UserDao

package com.lasing.dao;
import com.lasing.domain.User;
public interface UserDao {
     public User queryUserById(Integer id);
}

5. 创建UserDaoImpl

package com.lasing.dao.impl;
import java.util.Date;
import com.lasing.dao.UserDao;
import com.lasing.domain.User;

public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao{
    public User queryUserById(Integer id) {
        User user = null;
        switch (id) {
        case 1:
            user = new User(1,"小明","清远",new Date());
            break;
        case 2:
            user = new User(2,"老王","清远",new Date());
            break;
        case 3:
            user = new User(3,"史莱克","清远",new Date());
            break;
        }
        return user;
    }
}

6. 创建UserService

package com.lasing.service;
import com.lasing.domain.User;
public interface UserService {
     public User queryUserById(Integer id);
}

7. 创建UserServiceImpl

package com.lasing.service.impl;
import com.lasing.dao.UserDao;
import com.lasing.domain.User;
import com.lasing.service.UserService;
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService{
     private UserDao userDao;
     public void setDao(UserDao userDao) {
           this.userDao = userDao;
     }
     public User queryUserById(Integer id) {
           return userDao.queryUserById(id);
     }
}

8. 创建UserController

package com.lasing.controller;
import com.lasing.domain.User;
import com.lasing.service.UserService;
public class UserController {
     private UserService userService;
     public void setService(UserService userService) {
           this.userService = userService;
     }
     public void queryUserById() {
           Integer id = 1;
           User user = userService.queryUserById(id);
           System.out.println(user.toString());
     }
}

9. 创建并配置applicationContext

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- 导入头文件 -->
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
     xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
    <!-- 声明dao -->
     <bean id="userDao"  class="com.lasing.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl"/>
     <!-- 声明service -->
     <bean id="userService"  class="com.lasing.service.impl.UserService">
           <property name="userDao" ref="userDao"/>
     </bean>
     <!-- 声明controller -->
     <bean id="userController"  class="com.lasing.controller.UserController">
           <property name="userService" ref="userService"/>
     </bean>
</beans>

10. 测试

package com.lasing.test;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import com.lasing.controller.UserController;

public class UserTest {
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("classpath:applicationContext.xml");
        System.out.println(applicationContext);
        
        UserController userController = (UserController) applicationContext.getBean("userController", UserController.class);
        userController.queryUserById();
    }
}