自定义视图

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本文详细介绍如何在iOS应用中创建自定义视图，包括继承UIView类、定义属性、重写初始化方法及布局子控件的过程。

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创建自定义视图可以分为四步：

1、创建继承于UIView 的类：cmd + n -->iOS下的Source 的 Cocoa Touch Class创建LTView类。

2、根据控件写属性：在LTView.h中写属性：

@property(nonatomic, retain)UILabel *lable;

@property(nonatomic, retain)UITextField *textField;

使用retain 需要在LTView.m中重写dealloc方法，

-(void)dealloc

{

self.lable = nil;

self.textField = nil;

[super dealloc];

}

3、重写initWithFrame方法，创建控件。

“LTView.m”

//UIView初始化方法是重写initWithFrame

-(instancetype)initWithFrame:(CGRect)frame // NSRect(在mac系统中用)改为CGRect

{

self = [super initWithFrame:frame];

if (self) {

NSLog(@"%@",NSStringFromCGRect(frame));

frame.size.height = 2 * kMargin +kHeight;

self.frame = frame;

//创建控件:布局的时候，常用数字经常使用宏,在后期修改比较方便

_lable = [[UILabelalloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(kMargin, kMargin, kLabelEidth, kHeight)];

//_lable.backgroundColor = [UIColorgreenColor];

[self addSubview:_lable];

[_lable release];

_textField = [[UITextField alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(kMargin* 2 + kLabelEidth, kMargin, kScreenWidth - kMargin * 3 - kLabelEidth, kHeight)];

_textField.borderStyle =UITextBorderStyleRoundedRect;//边框样式

//_textField.backgroundColor = [UIColorgreenColor];

[self addSubview:_textField];

[_textField release];

}

return self;

}

4、使用自定义视图，检查布局是否正确。

代码：

// AppDelegate.m

#import"AppDelegate.h"

#import"LTView.h"

@interfaceAppDelegate ()

@end

@implementationAppDelegate

-(void)dealloc

{

self.window = nil;

[super dealloc];

}

-(BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)applicationdidFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions {

self.window = [[[UIWindow alloc]initWithFrame:[[UIScreen mainScreen] bounds]] autorelease];

// Override point for customization afterapplication launch.

self.window.backgroundColor = [UIColorredColor];

[self.window makeKeyAndVisible];

LTView *ltView = [[LTViewalloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 100, 375, 80)];

//ltView.backgroundColor = [UIColorredColor];

ltView.lable.text = @"用户名:";

ltView.textField.placeholder = @"请输入用户名:";

[self.window addSubview:ltView];

[ltView release];

return YES;

}

// AppDelegate.h

#import<UIKit/UIKit.h>

@interfaceAppDelegate : UIResponder <UIApplicationDelegate>

@property(retain, nonatomic) UIWindow *window;

@end

// LTView.h

#import<UIKit/UIKit.h>

@interfaceLTView : UIView

@property(nonatomic, retain)UILabel *lable;

@property(nonatomic, retain)UITextField *textField;

@end

// LTView.m

#import"LTView.h"

#definekMargin 20

#definekHeight 40

#definekLabelEidth 80

#definekScreenWidth [[UIScreen mainScreen]bounds].size.width

@implementationLTView

-(void)dealloc

{

self.lable = nil;

self.textField = nil;

[super dealloc];

}

//UIView初始化方法是重写initWithFrame

-(instancetype)initWithFrame:(CGRect)frame // NSRect(在mac系统中用)改为CGRect

{

self = [super initWithFrame:frame];

if (self) {

NSLog(@"%@",NSStringFromCGRect(frame));

frame.size.height = 2 * kMargin +kHeight;

self.frame = frame;

//创建控件:布局的时候，常用数字经常使用宏,在后期修改比较方便

_lable = [[UILabelalloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(kMargin, kMargin, kLabelEidth, kHeight)];

//_lable.backgroundColor = [UIColorgreenColor];

[self addSubview:_lable];

[_lable release];

_textField = [[UITextFieldalloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(kMargin * 2 + kLabelEidth, kMargin, kScreenWidth- kMargin * 3 - kLabelEidth, kHeight )];

_textField.borderStyle = UITextBorderStyleRoundedRect;//边框样式

//_textField.backgroundColor = [UIColorgreenColor];

[self addSubview:_textField];

[_textField release];

}

return self;

}

@end