Windows 的多线程程序设计

本文介绍了在Windows环境下不使用MFC进行多线程编程的方法,通过CreateThread和_Beginthread函数创建线程,并提供了三个示例:无参数、有参数和在窗口上随机绘制矩形的线程程序。强调了在多线程程序设计中需注意的线程同步和资源共享问题。

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                                   Windows 的多线程程序设计( no mfc )
                                                                                                                                           ----Amoon    2005.09.23
来看看不使用 mfc 如何进行多线程程序设计.
建立新的线程的API函数是CreateThread,它的语法如下:
hThread = CreateThread (&security_attributes, dwStackSize, ThreadProc,pParam, dwFlags, &idThread) ;
       
第一个参数是指向SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES型态的结构的指针。在Windows 98中忽略该参数。在Windows NT中,它被设为NULL。第二个参数是用于新线程的初始堆栈大小,默认值为0。在任何情况下,Windows根据需要动态延长堆栈的大小。
CreateThread的第三个参数是指向线程函数的指标。函数名称没有限制,但是必须以下列形式声明:
DWORD WINAPI ThreadProc (PVOID pParam) ;
       
CreateThread的第四个参数为传递给ThreadProc的参数。这样主线程和从属线程就可以共享数据。
CreateThread的第五个参数通常为0,但当建立的线程不马上执行时为旗标CREATE_SUSPENDED。线程将暂停直到呼叫ResumeThread来恢复线程的执行为止。第六个参数是一个指标,指向接受执行绪ID值的变量。
大多数Windows程序写作者喜欢用在PROCESS.H表头文件中声明的C执行时期链接库函数_beginthread。它的语法如下:
hThread = _beginthread (ThreadProc, uiStackSize, pParam) ;
       
它更简单,对于大多数应用程序很完美,这个线程函数的语法为:
void __cdecl ThreadProc (void * pParam) ;
在建立多线程的Windows程序时,需要在「Project Settings」对话框中做一些修改。选择「C/C++」页面标签,然后在「Category」下拉式清单方块中选择「Code Generation」。在「Use Run-Time Library」下拉式清单方块中,可以看到用于「Release」设定的「Single-Threaded」和用于Debug设定的「Debug Single-Threaded」。将这些分别改为「Multithreaded」和「Debug Multithreaded」。这将把编译器旗标改为/MT,它是编译器在编译多线程的应用程序所需要的.
第一个demo.
/*******************************************************
*
*        deom1---四个线程同时写一个文件( 没有参数 )
*
*
***********************************************************/
#include <windows.h>
#include <process.h>    /* _beginthread, _endthread */
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;
ofstream out("out.txt");
void ThreadFunc1(PVOID param)

 while(1)
 
 {
  Sleep(10);
  out<<"This was draw by thread l"<<endl;
 }
 
}
void ThreadFunc2(PVOID param)

 while(1)
 {
  Sleep(10);
  out<<"This was draw by thread 2"<<endl;
 }
}
void ThreadFunc3(PVOID param)

 while(1)
 {
  Sleep(10);
  out<<"This was draw by thread 3"<<endl;
 }
}
void ThreadFunc4(PVOID param)

 while(1)
 {
  Sleep(10);
  out<<"This was draw by thread 4"<<endl;
 }
}
int main()
{
 int i=0;
 _beginthread(ThreadFunc1,0,NULL);
 _beginthread(ThreadFunc2,0,NULL);

 _beginthread(ThreadFunc3,0,NULL);
 _beginthread(ThreadFunc4,0,NULL);
 Sleep(3000);
 out<<"end";
 return 0;
}
 
//demo1 end-----------------------------------------------
第二个demo.
/*******************************************************
*
*        deom2---四个线程同时写一个文件( 有参数 )
*
*
***********************************************************/
#include <windows.h>
#include <process.h>    /* _beginthread, _endthread */
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
ofstream out("out.txt");
void ThreadFunc1(PVOID param)

 while(1)
 
 {
  char *p;
  p=(char *) param;
  Sleep(10);
      out<<p<<"This was draw by thread l"<<endl;
 }
 
}
void ThreadFunc2(PVOID param)

 while(1)
 {
  Sleep(10);
  out<<"This was draw by thread 2"<<endl;
 }
}
void ThreadFunc3(PVOID param)

 while(1)
 {
  Sleep(10);
  out<<"This was draw by thread 3"<<endl;
 }
}
void ThreadFunc4(PVOID param)

 while(1)
 {
  Sleep(10);
  out<<"This was draw by thread 4"<<endl;
 }
}
int main()
{
 char *pstr=" 参数传递成功";

 _beginthread(ThreadFunc1,0,pstr);
 _beginthread(ThreadFunc2,0,NULL);

 _beginthread(ThreadFunc3,0,NULL);
 _beginthread(ThreadFunc4,0,NULL);
 Sleep(1000);
 out<<"end";
 return 0;
}

// demo2 end ------------------------------------------------

第三个demo( 一个win32 应用程序 )
/*******************************************************
*
*        deom3--- 在屏幕上随机画出一系列矩形
*
*
***********************************************************/

       
#include <windows.h>
       
#include <process.h>
       
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM) ;
       
HWND        hwnd ;
       
int cxClient, cyClient ;
       
int WINAPI WinMain (HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
       
                   PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow)
       
{
       
          static TCHAR szAppName[] = TEXT ("RndRctMT") ;
       
           MSG          msg ;
       
           WNDCLASS     wndclass ;
       
  
       
           wndclass.style                               = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW ;
       
           wndclass.lpfnWndProc                         = WndProc ;
       
           wndclass.cbClsExtra                          = 0 ;
       
           wndclass.cbWndExtra                          = 0 ;
       
           wndclass.hInstance                           = hInstance ;
       
           wndclass.hIcon                               = LoadIcon (NULL, IDI_APPLICATION) ;
       
           wndclass.hCursor                             = LoadCursor (NULL, IDC_ARROW) ;
       
           wndclass.hbrBackground              = (HBRUSH) GetStockObject (WHITE_BRUSH) ;
       
           wndclass.lpszMenuName                = NULL ;
       
           wndclass.lpszClassName               = szAppName ;
       
         
       
           if (!RegisterClass (&wndclass))
       
           {
       
       MessageBox (NULL, TEXT ("This program requires Windows NT!"),
       
                         szAppName, MB_ICONERROR) ;
       
                  return 0 ;
       
    }
       
           hwnd = CreateWindow ( szAppName, TEXT ("Random Rectangles"),
       
                         WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
       
                         CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
       
                        CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
       
                         NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL) ;
       
  
       
           ShowWindow (hwnd, iCmdShow) ;
       
           UpdateWindow (hwnd) ;
       
  
       
           while (GetMessage (&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
       
    {
       
                  TranslateMessage (&msg) ;
       
                  DispatchMessage (&msg) ;
       
           }
       
           return msg.wParam ;
       
}
       
VOID Thread (PVOID pvoid)
       
{
       
    HBRUSH hBrush ;
       
           HDC           hdc ;
       
           int           xLeft, xRight, yTop, yBottom, iRed, iGreen, iBlue ;
       
  
       
           while (TRUE)
       
    {
       
                  if (cxClient != 0 || cyClient != 0)
       
                  {
       
                                  xLeft                 = rand () % cxClient ;
       
                                  xRight                = rand () % cxClient ;
       
                                  yTop          = rand () % cyClient ;
       
                                  yBottom       = rand () % cyClient ;
       
                                iRed                  = rand () & 255 ;
       
                                  iGreen                = rand () & 255 ;
       
                                  iBlue                 = rand () & 255 ;
       
            
       
                          hdc = GetDC (hwnd) ;
       
                          hBrush = CreateSolidBrush (RGB (iRed, iGreen, iBlue)) ;
       
                          SelectObject (hdc, hBrush) ;
       
            
       
                  Rectangle (hdc,min (xLeft, xRight), min (yTop, yBottom),
       
               max (xLeft, xRight), max (yTop, yBottom)) ;
       
            
       
                                         ReleaseDC (hwnd, hdc) ;
       
                                         DeleteObject (hBrush) ;
       
                          }
       
          }
       
}
       
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc ( HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
       
{
       
           switch (message)
       
           {
       
           case WM_CREATE:
       
                          _beginthread (Thread, 0, NULL) ;
       
                          return 0 ;
       
       
       
           case   WM_SIZE:
       
                          cxClient = LOWORD (lParam) ;
       
                          cyClient = HIWORD (lParam) ;
       
                          return 0 ;
       
       
       
           case   WM_DESTROY:
       
                          PostQuitMessage (0) ;
       
                         return 0 ;
       
           }
       
           return DefWindowProc (hwnd, message, wParam, lParam) ;
       
}

//demo4 end-----------------------------------------------
参考:windows 程序设计
      some article from net ^_^
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