vmstat
vmstat [delay [count]]
故障:采样间隔平均每秒的捕获和中断率。
in :设备中断
sy :系统调用。
cs :内核线程上下文切换。
Cpu:CPU 使用时间故障百分比。
us :用户时间。
sy :系统时间。
id :CPU 空闲时间。
wa :CPU 空闲时间,在此期间系统有未完成的磁盘/NFS I/O 请求。
[root@r0~]# vmstat 2 10
procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu------
r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st
2 0 104 533320 295120 807088 0 0 1 37 2 3 19 7 73 1 0
0 0 104 507484 295120 807068 0 0 0 210 1858 7734 23 4 72 0 0
1 0 104 514488 295120 807096 0 0 0 0 1672 871 10 3 87 0 0
一些标准说明:
CPU:
1) 如果(process r)是连续的大于在系统中的CPU的个数表示系统现在运行比较慢,有多数的进程等待CPU.
2) 如果r的输出数大于系统中可用CPU个数的4倍的话,则系统面临着CPU短缺的问题,或者是CPU的速率过低,系统中有多数的进程在等待CPU,造成系统中进程运行过慢.
3) 如果空闲时间(cpu id)持续为0并且系统时间(cpu sy)是用户时间的两倍(cpu us) 系统则面临着CPU资源的短缺.
简单的说就是:
r 和 b 不高于5,如果r 经常大于4,且id 经常少于40,则表示CPU 负荷很重。
us+sy 不超过80%,如果大于80,进程就会在运行队列中花费等待时间,响应时间和吞吐量就会下降。
wa 不超过25, 如果说wa >40表明磁盘io没有也许存在不合理的平衡,或者对磁盘操作比较频繁
一般情况下,导致CPU资源不足都是应用程序的问题.比如一些SQL语句不合理等等都会造成这样的现象.
FIELD DESCRIPTION FOR VM MODE
Procs
r: The number of processes waiting for run time.
b: The number of processes in uninterruptible sleep.
Memory
swpd: the amount of virtual memory used.
free: the amount of idle memory.
buff: the amount of memory used as buffers.
cache: the amount of memory used as cache.
inact: the amount of inactive memory. (-a option)
active: the amount of active memory. (-a option)
Swap
si: Amount of memory swapped in from disk (/s).
so: Amount of memory swapped to disk (/s).
IO
bi: Blocks received from a block device (blocks/s).
bo: Blocks sent to a block device (blocks/s).
System
in: The number of interrupts per second, including the clock.
cs: The number of context switches per second.
CPU
These are percentages of total CPU time.
us: Time spent running non-kernel code. (user time, including nice time)
sy: Time spent running kernel code. (system time)
id: Time spent idle. Prior to Linux 2.5.41, this includes IO-wait time.
wa: Time spent waiting for IO. Prior to Linux 2.5.41, shown as zero.
FIELD DESCRIPTION FOR DISK MODE
Reads
total: Total reads completed successfully
merged: grouped reads (resulting in one I/O)
sectors: Sectors read successfully
ms: milliseconds spent reading
Writes
total: Total writes completed successfully
merged: grouped writes (resulting in one I/O)
sectors: Sectors written successfully
ms: milliseconds spent writing
IO
cur: I/O in progress
s: seconds spent for I/O
FIELD DESCRIPTION FOR DISK PARTITION MODE
reads: Total number of reads issued to this partition
read sectors: Total read sectors for partition
writes : Total number of writes issued to this partition
requested writes: Total number of write requests made for partition
FIELD DESCRIPTION FOR SLAB MODE
cache: Cache name
num: Number of currently active objects
total: Total number of available objects
size: Size of each object
pages: Number of pages with at least one active object
totpages: Total number of allocated pages
pslab: Number of pages per slab