六十七、基础框架（二十五）文件操作－列举目录内容_nsdirectoryenumerationincludesdirectoriespostorder-优快云博客

本文介绍了使用NSFileManager类中的enumeratorAtPath:和directoryContentsAtPath:方法来列举目录内容的技巧，详细解释了两者之间的区别及如何避免子目录内容被列举。

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有些时候，你会需要将目录的内容列举出来。要将目录的内容列举出来，既可以采取 enumeratorAtPath:这项措施也可以采取 directoryContentsAtPath:这项措施。如果采取 enumeratorAtPath:这项措施，那么子目录中的内容也会被列举出来。

如果采取 directoryContentsAtPath:这项措施，那么特定目录中的内容就会被列举出来，列举的结果会存储在数组物件当中。如果目录当中包含子目录，那么子目录的内容则不会被列举出来。

下面的程序示范了如何列举目录中的内容：

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#import <Foundation/NSArray.h>
#import <Foundation/NSString.h>
#import <Foundation/NSFileManager.h>
#import <Foundation/NSAutoreleasePool.h>
int main(int argc,const char *argv[])
{
    NSAutoreleasePool *pool=[[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];
    NSString *path=@"/Users/Zijin/Desktop/Sample";
    NSFileManager *myFileManager=[NSFileManager defaultManager];
    NSDirectoryEnumerator *myDirectoryEnumerator;
    NSArray *directoryContents;
    myDirectoryEnumerator=[myFileManager enumeratorAtPath:path];
    //列举目录内容
    NSLog(@"用enumeratorAtPath:显示目录%@的内容：",path);
    while((path=[myDirectoryEnumerator nextObject])!=nil)
    {
        NSLog(@"%@",path);
    }
    //用另外一种办法列举目录内容
    directoryContents=[myFileManager directoryContentsAtPath:@"/Users/Zijin/Desktop/Sample"];
    NSLog(@"用directoryContentsAtPath:显示目录%@的内容：",@"/Users/Zijin/Desktop/Sample");
    for(path in directoryContents)
    {
        NSLog(@"%@",path);
    }
    [pool drain];
    return 0;
}

运行这个程序后，可以得到这样的结果

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2012-05-13 17:30:46.379 Sample[3665:707] 用enumeratorAtPath:显示目录/Users/Zijin/Desktop/Sample的内容：

2012-05-13 17:30:46.380 Sample[3665:707] .DS_Store

2012-05-13 17:30:46.381 Sample[3665:707] .git

2012-05-13 17:30:46.381 Sample[3665:707] .git/branches

2012-05-13 17:30:46.382 Sample[3665:707] .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG

2012-05-13 17:30:46.382 Sample[3665:707] .git/config

2012-05-13 17:30:46.383 Sample[3665:707] .git/description

2012-05-13 17:30:46.383 Sample[3665:707] .git/HEAD

2012-05-13 17:30:46.384 Sample[3665:707] .git/hooks

2012-05-13 17:30:46.384 Sample[3665:707] .git/hooks/applypatch-msg.sample

2012-05-13 17:30:46.385 Sample[3665:707] .git/hooks/commit-msg.sample

2012-05-13 17:30:46.385 Sample[3665:707] .git/hooks/post-commit.sample

2012-05-13 17:30:46.386 Sample[3665:707] .git/hooks/post-receive.sample

2012-05-13 17:30:46.386 Sample[3665:707] .git/hooks/post-update.sample

2012-05-13 17:30:46.387 Sample[3665:707] .git/hooks/pre-applypatch.sample

2012-05-13 17:30:46.387 Sample[3665:707] .git/hooks/pre-commit.sample

2012-05-13 17:30:46.387 Sample[3665:707] .git/hooks/pre-rebase.sample

2012-05-13 17:30:46.388 Sample[3665:707] .git/hooks/prepare-commit-msg.sample

2012-05-13 17:30:46.388 Sample[3665:707] .git/hooks/update.sample

2012-05-13 17:30:46.389 Sample[3665:707] .git/index

2012-05-13 17:30:46.389 Sample[3665:707] .git/info

2012-05-13 17:30:46.390 Sample[3665:707] .git/info/exclude

2012-05-13 17:30:46.390 Sample[3665:707] .git/logs

2012-05-13 17:30:46.391 Sample[3665:707] .git/logs/HEAD

2012-05-13 17:30:46.391 Sample[3665:707] .git/logs/refs

2012-05-13 17:30:46.392 Sample[3665:707] .git/logs/refs/heads

2012-05-13 17:30:46.392 Sample[3665:707] .git/logs/refs/heads/master

2012-05-13 17:30:46.393 Sample[3665:707] .git/objects

2012-05-13 17:30:46.393 Sample[3665:707] .git/objects/08

2012-05-13 17:30:46.394 Sample[3665:707] .git/objects/08/0078c5decbfcb73e9665030b6221e1ccb693be

2012-05-13 17:30:46.394 Sample[3665:707] .git/objects/0d

2012-05-13 17:30:46.395 Sample[3665:707] .git/objects/0d/96feb3eb602c24f8e068f6fd88f569e4e58093

2012-05-13 17:30:46.416 Sample[3665:707] .git/objects/48

2012-05-13 17:30:46.418 Sample[3665:707] .git/objects/48/ef81ae71287847f926dbb9ccca11f8c873a7dc

2012-05-13 17:30:46.419 Sample[3665:707] .git/objects/8c

2012-05-13 17:30:46.420 Sample[3665:707] .git/objects/8c/ce74a0c6d3b68a40659921f9103f9d214088d0

2012-05-13 17:30:46.431 Sample[3665:707] .git/objects/9d

2012-05-13 17:30:46.431 Sample[3665:707] .git/objects/9d/955cc57da917155851b38806a7111120ab70da

2012-05-13 17:30:46.432 Sample[3665:707] .git/objects/c2

2012-05-13 17:30:46.432 Sample[3665:707] .git/objects/c2/7b00431338e78a7d560f021aac076f62e71ba4

2012-05-13 17:30:46.433 Sample[3665:707] .git/objects/ca

2012-05-13 17:30:46.434 Sample[3665:707] .git/objects/ca/c4dcdd18b32e1544ca2e8ef98dbc64d472c171

2012-05-13 17:30:46.434 Sample[3665:707] .git/objects/da

2012-05-13 17:30:46.435 Sample[3665:707] .git/objects/da/2c288712be3bedabfebb188547b14bac334f52

2012-05-13 17:30:46.435 Sample[3665:707] .git/objects/db

2012-05-13 17:30:46.436 Sample[3665:707] .git/objects/db/e1edcebd33105840f71feff89af8c65a0ca527

2012-05-13 17:30:46.436 Sample[3665:707] .git/objects/e4

2012-05-13 17:30:46.437 Sample[3665:707] .git/objects/e4/4c0a7d31a66cdd89e076ffceda1121d5b23440

2012-05-13 17:30:46.437 Sample[3665:707] .git/objects/e5

2012-05-13 17:30:46.438 Sample[3665:707] .git/objects/e5/09e6dc045e6f65e373e54a8142ff3395af93be

2012-05-13 17:30:46.438 Sample[3665:707] .git/objects/e5/e411b533ba3df7f530c4d5f264d87266ebdb93

2012-05-13 17:30:46.510 Sample[3665:707] .git/objects/e6

2012-05-13 17:30:46.512 Sample[3665:707] .git/objects/e6/9de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391

2012-05-13 17:30:46.513 Sample[3665:707] .git/objects/info

2012-05-13 17:30:46.513 Sample[3665:707] .git/objects/pack

2012-05-13 17:30:46.513 Sample[3665:707] .git/refs

2012-05-13 17:30:46.514 Sample[3665:707] .git/refs/heads

2012-05-13 17:30:46.514 Sample[3665:707] .git/refs/heads/master

2012-05-13 17:30:46.515 Sample[3665:707] .git/refs/tags

2012-05-13 17:30:46.515 Sample[3665:707] Sample

2012-05-13 17:30:46.516 Sample[3665:707] Sample/.DS_Store

2012-05-13 17:30:46.516 Sample[3665:707] Sample/main.m

2012-05-13 17:30:46.517 Sample[3665:707] Sample/Sample-Prefix.pch

2012-05-13 17:30:46.517 Sample[3665:707] Sample/Sample.1

2012-05-13 17:30:46.518 Sample[3665:707] Sample.xcodeproj

2012-05-13 17:30:46.518 Sample[3665:707] Sample.xcodeproj/project.pbxproj

2012-05-13 17:30:46.519 Sample[3665:707] Sample.xcodeproj/project.xcworkspace

2012-05-13 17:30:46.519 Sample[3665:707] Sample.xcodeproj/project.xcworkspace/contents.xcworkspacedata

2012-05-13 17:30:46.520 Sample[3665:707] Sample.xcodeproj/project.xcworkspace/xcuserdata

2012-05-13 17:30:46.520 Sample[3665:707] Sample.xcodeproj/project.xcworkspace/xcuserdata/Zijin.xcuserdatad

2012-05-13 17:30:46.521 Sample[3665:707] Sample.xcodeproj/project.xcworkspace/xcuserdata/Zijin.xcuserdatad/UserInterfaceState.xcuserstate

2012-05-13 17:30:46.521 Sample[3665:707] Sample.xcodeproj/xcuserdata

2012-05-13 17:30:46.522 Sample[3665:707] Sample.xcodeproj/xcuserdata/Zijin.xcuserdatad

2012-05-13 17:30:46.525 Sample[3665:707] Sample.xcodeproj/xcuserdata/Zijin.xcuserdatad/xcdebugger

2012-05-13 17:30:46.526 Sample[3665:707] Sample.xcodeproj/xcuserdata/Zijin.xcuserdatad/xcdebugger/Breakpoints.xcbkptlist

2012-05-13 17:30:46.527 Sample[3665:707] Sample.xcodeproj/xcuserdata/Zijin.xcuserdatad/xcschemes

2012-05-13 17:30:46.527 Sample[3665:707] Sample.xcodeproj/xcuserdata/Zijin.xcuserdatad/xcschemes/Sample.xcscheme

2012-05-13 17:30:46.528 Sample[3665:707] Sample.xcodeproj/xcuserdata/Zijin.xcuserdatad/xcschemes/xcschememanagement.plist

2012-05-13 17:30:46.528 Sample[3665:707] 用directoryContentsAtPath:显示目录/Users/Zijin/Desktop/Sample的内容：

2012-05-13 17:30:46.529 Sample[3665:707] .DS_Store

2012-05-13 17:30:46.529 Sample[3665:707] .git

2012-05-13 17:30:46.529 Sample[3665:707] Sample

2012-05-13 17:30:46.530 Sample[3665:707] Sample.xcodeproj

Program ended with exit code: 0

仔细看看这几行语句：

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    myDirectoryEnumerator=[myFileManager enumeratorAtPath:path];
    //列举目录内容
    NSLog(@"用enumeratorAtPath:显示目录%@的内容：",path);
    while((path=[myDirectoryEnumerator nextObject])!=nil)
    {
        NSLog(@"%@",path);
    }

首先对文件管理器物件myFileManager 采取了 enumeratorAtPath:这项措施。enumeratorAtPath:这项措施会将一个NSDictionaryEnumerator物件存储在myDictionaryEnumerator当中。

在

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while((path=[myDirectoryEnumeratornextObject])!=nil)

这行语句中每当你对 myDictionaryEnumerator这个物件采取 nextObject这项措施，你都会得到目录中下一个文件或者目录的路径，并且存储在变量path当中，再利用 NSLog()函数显示出来。直到所有文件或者目录的路径都找到后，你就会得到一个空值nil，并且跳出 while()循环。

在程序的运行结果当中你可以看到两种列举目录内容的技巧之不同。enumeratorAtPath:会将目录中子目录的内容列举出来，而 directoryContentsAtPath: 则不会。在while()循环执行的过程中我们可以这样避免子目录中的内容被列举出来：

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BOOLflag;

    while((path=[myDirectoryEnumeratornextObject])!=nil)

    {

        NSLog(@"%@",path);

        [myFileManagerfileExistsAtPath:pathisDirectory:&flag];

        if(flag==YES)

        {

            [myDirectoryEnumeratorskipDescendents];

        }

    }