golang 中 sync.Mutex 和 sync.RWMutex

转载: https://www.jianshu.com/p/679041bdaa39

介绍

golang 中的 sync 包实现了两种锁：

• Mutex：互斥锁
• RWMutex：读写锁，RWMutex 基于 Mutex 实现

Mutex（互斥锁）

• Mutex 为互斥锁，Lock() 加锁，Unlock() 解锁
• 在一个 goroutine 获得 Mutex 后，其他 goroutine 只能等到这个 goroutine 释放该 Mutex
• 使用 Lock() 加锁后，不能再继续对其加锁，直到利用 Unlock() 解锁后才能再加锁
• 在 Lock() 之前使用 Unlock() 会导致 panic 异常
• 已经锁定的 Mutex 并不与特定的 goroutine 相关联，这样可以利用一个 goroutine 对其加锁，再利用其他 goroutine 对其解锁
• 在同一个 goroutine 中的 Mutex 解锁之前再次进行加锁，会导致死锁
• 适用于读写不确定，并且只有一个读或者写的场景

示例

加锁和解锁示例

package main

import (
    "time"
    "fmt"
    "sync"
)

func main() {
    var mutex sync.Mutex
    fmt.Println("Lock the lock")
    mutex.Lock()
    fmt.Println("The lock is locked")
    channels := make([]chan int, 4)
    for i := 0; i < 4; i++ {
        channels[i] = make(chan int)
        go func(i int, c chan int) {
            fmt.Println("Not lock: ", i)
            mutex.Lock()
            fmt.Println("Locked: ", i)
            time.Sleep(time.Second)
            fmt.Println("Unlock the lock: ", i)
            mutex.Unlock()
            c <- i
        }(i, channels[i])
    }
    time.Sleep(time.Second)
    fmt.Println("Unlock the lock")
    mutex.Unlock()
    time.Sleep(time.Second)

    for _, c := range channels {
        <-c
    }
}

程序输出：

Lock the lock
The lock is locked
Not lock:  1
Not lock:  2
Not lock:  0
Not lock:  3
Unlock the lock
Locked:  1
Unlock the lock:  1
Locked:  2
Unlock the lock:  2
Locked:  3
Unlock the lock:  3
Locked:  0
Unlock the lock:  0

在解锁之前加锁会导致死锁

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "sync"
)

func main(){
    var mutex sync.Mutex
    mutex.Lock()
    fmt.Println("Locked")
    mutex.Lock()
}

程序输出：

Locked
fatal error: all goroutines are asleep - deadlock!

RWMutex（读写锁）

• RWMutex 是单写多读锁，该锁可以加多个读锁或者一个写锁
• 读锁占用的情况下会阻止写，不会阻止读，多个 goroutine 可以同时获取读锁
• 写锁会阻止其他 goroutine（无论读和写）进来，整个锁由该 goroutine 独占
• 适用于读多写少的场景

Lock() 和 Unlock()

• Lock() 加写锁，Unlock() 解写锁
• 如果在加写锁之前已经有其他的读锁和写锁，则 Lock() 会阻塞直到该锁可用，为确保该锁可用，已经阻塞的 Lock() 调用会从获得的锁中排除新的读取器，即写锁权限高于读锁，有写锁时优先进行写锁定
• 在 Lock() 之前使用 Unlock() 会导致 panic 异常

RLock() 和 RUnlock()

• RLock() 加读锁，RUnlock() 解读锁
• RLock() 加读锁时，如果存在写锁，则无法加读锁；当只有读锁或者没有锁时，可以加读锁，读锁可以加载多个
• RUnlock() 解读锁，RUnlock() 撤销单词 RLock() 调用，对于其他同时存在的读锁则没有效果
• 在没有读锁的情况下调用 RUnlock() 会导致 panic 错误
• RUnlock() 的个数不得多余 RLock()，否则会导致 panic 错误

示例

Lock() 和 Unlock()

package main

import (
    "sync"
    "fmt"
    "time"
)

func main() {
    var mutex *sync.RWMutex
    mutex = new(sync.RWMutex)
    fmt.Println("Lock the lock")
    mutex.Lock()
    fmt.Println("The lock is locked")

    channels := make([]chan int, 4)
    for i := 0; i < 4; i++ {
        channels[i] = make(chan int)
        go func(i int, c chan int) {
            fmt.Println("Not lock: ", i)
            mutex.Lock()
            fmt.Println("Locked: ", i)
            fmt.Println("Unlock the lock: ", i)
            mutex.Unlock()
            c <- i
        }(i, channels[i])
    }
    time.Sleep(time.Second)
    fmt.Println("Unlock the lock")
    mutex.Unlock()
    time.Sleep(time.Second)

    for _, c := range channels {
        <-c
    }
}

程序输出：

Lock the lock
The lock is locked
Not lock:  0
Not lock:  1
Not lock:  2
Not lock:  3
Unlock the lock
Locked:  0
Unlock the lock:  0
Locked:  2
Unlock the lock:  2
Locked:  3
Unlock the lock:  3
Locked:  1
Unlock the lock:  1

Lock() 和 RLock()

package main

import (
    "sync"
    "fmt"
    "time"
)

func main() {
    var mutex *sync.RWMutex
    mutex = new(sync.RWMutex)
    fmt.Println("Lock the lock")
    mutex.Lock()
    fmt.Println("The lock is locked")

    channels := make([]chan int, 4)
    for i := 0; i < 4; i++ {
        channels[i] = make(chan int)
        go func(i int, c chan int) {
            fmt.Println("Not read lock: ", i)
            mutex.RLock()
            fmt.Println("Read Locked: ", i)
            fmt.Println("Unlock the read lock: ", i)
            time.Sleep(time.Second)
            mutex.RUnlock()
            c <- i
        }(i, channels[i])
    }
    time.Sleep(time.Second)
    fmt.Println("Unlock the lock")
    mutex.Unlock()
    time.Sleep(time.Second)

    for _, c := range channels {
        <-c
    }
}

程序输出：

Lock the lock
The lock is locked
Not read lock:  2
Not read lock:  3
Not read lock:  1
Not read lock:  0
Unlock the lock
Read Locked:  2
Read Locked:  1
Unlock the read lock:  2
Unlock the read lock:  1
Read Locked:  0
Read Locked:  3
Unlock the read lock:  0
Unlock the read lock:  3

Unlock() 使用之前不存在 Lock()

package main

import (
    "sync"
)

func main(){
    var rwmutex *sync.RWMutex
    rwmutex = new(sync.RWMutex)
    rwmutex.Unlock()
}

程序输出：

panic: sync: Unlock of unlocked RWMutex

RWMutex 使用不当导致的死锁

示例1：

package main

import (
    "sync"
)

func main(){
    var rwmutex *sync.RWMutex
    rwmutex = new(sync.RWMutex)
    rwmutex.Lock()
    rwmutex.Lock()
}

程序输出：

fatal error: all goroutines are asleep - deadlock!

示例2：

package main

import (
    "sync"
)

func main(){
    var rwmutex *sync.RWMutex
    rwmutex = new(sync.RWMutex)
    rwmutex.Lock()
    rwmutex.RLock()
}

程序输出：

fatal error: all goroutines are asleep - deadlock!

RUnlock() 之前不存在 RLock()

package main

import (
    "sync"
)

func main(){
    var rwmutex *sync.RWMutex
    rwmutex = new(sync.RWMutex)
    rwmutex.RUnlock()
}

程序输出：

panic: sync: RUnlock of unlocked RWMutex

RUnlock() 个数多于 RLock()

package main

import (
    "sync"
)

func main(){
    var rwmutex *sync.RWMutex
    rwmutex = new(sync.RWMutex)
    rwmutex.RLock()
    rwmutex.RLock()
    rwmutex.RUnlock()
    rwmutex.RUnlock()
    rwmutex.RUnlock()
}

程序输出：

panic: sync: RUnlock of unlocked RWMutex

作者：WangZZ
链接：https://www.jianshu.com/p/679041bdaa39
来源：简书
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