requests发送http请求相关

最新推荐文章于 2022-06-22 09:46:35 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2022-06-22 09:46:35 发布

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分类专栏： python 接口测试

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/AlbanCP3/article/details/97490894

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本文介绍了如何使用requests库在Python中发送HTTP请求，包括基本的GET和POST操作，以及处理响应内容和重定向的情况。

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发送请求相关

import requests

# 发送get请求
url = 'http://example.com'

resp = requests.get(url)

resp = requests.post(url, data={'key': 'value'})

resp = requests.put(url, data={'key': 'value'})

resp = requests.delete(url)

resp = requests.head(url)

resp = requests.options(url)

""" 请求时相应的参数的含义以及返回值
    :param method: method for the new :class:`Request` object.
    :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
    :param params: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples or bytes to send
                 in the query string for the :class:`Request`.
    :param data: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples, bytes, or file-like
                  object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
    :param json: (optional) A JSON serializable Python object to send in the body of the 
                  :class:`Request`.
    :param headers: (optional) Dictionary of HTTP Headers to send with the 
                  :class:`Request`.
    :param cookies: (optional) Dict or CookieJar object to send with the 
                  :class:`Request`.
    :param files: (optional) Dictionary of ``'name': file-like-objects`` (or ``{'name': 
                   file-tuple}``) for multipart encoding upload.
                   ``file-tuple`` can be a 2-tuple ``('filename', fileobj)``, 3-tuple ` 
                   `('filename', fileobj, 'content_type')``
                   or a 4-tuple ``('filename', fileobj, 'content_type', 
                   custom_headers)``, where ``'content-type'`` is a string
                   defining the content type of the given file and ``custom_headers`` a 
                   dict-like object containing additional headers to add for the file.
    :param auth:   (optional) Auth tuple to enable Basic/Digest/Custom HTTP Auth.
    :param timeout: (optional) How many seconds to wait for the server to send data
                    before giving up, as a float, or a :ref:`(connect timeout, read
                    timeout) <timeouts>` tuple. 
                    :type timeout: float or tuple
    :param allow_redirects: (optional) Boolean. Enable/disable                                     
                            GET/OPTIONS/POST/PUT/PATCH/DELETE/HEAD redirection. Defaults 
                            to ``True``.
    :type allow_redirects: bool
    :param proxies: (optional) Dictionary mapping protocol to the URL of the proxy.
    :param verify: (optional) Either a boolean, in which case it controls whether we 
                   verify the server's TLS certificate, or a string, in which case it 
                   must be a path to a CA bundle to use. Defaults to ``True``.
    :param stream: (optional) if ``False``, the response content will be immediately 
                   downloaded.
    :param cert: (optional) if String, path to ssl client cert file (.pem). If Tuple, 
                 ('cert', 'key') pair.
    :return: :class:`Response <Response>` object
    :rtype: requests.Response
"""

获取相应内容相关

import requests

url = 'http://example.com'

resp = requests.get(url)

# 响应内容

# 获取响应文本
resp.text

# 获取二进制响应内容
resp.content # 配合文件读写可以爬取图片

# Json响应内容,要求响应的字符串为Json格式的字符串
result = resp.json()

# 原始响应内容
resp = requests.get(url, stream=True)
resp.raw
resp.raw.read(10)
# 将文本流保存至文件中:
with open(filename, 'wb') as f:
    for chunk in resp.iter_content(chunk_size):
        f.write(chunk)
# 使用 Response.iter_content 将会处理大量你直接使用 Response.raw 不得不处理的。 当流下载时，上# 面是优先推荐的获取内容方式。

# 响应状态码
resp.status_code

# 响应头
resp.headers['Content-Type']
resp.headers.get('content-type')

重定向

import requests
# 在默认情况下，除了HEAD，Requests会自动处理所有的重定向
# 可以使用响应对象的history方法追踪重定向

url = 'http://example.com'
# 查看重定向
resp = requests.get(url)
resp.status_code    # 一般为200 
resp.history    # 结果类似于[<Response [301]>]

# 如果不希望使用重定向
resp = requests.get(url, allow_redirects=False)
resp.status_code    # 301
resp.history    # []