Android android:gravity属性介绍及效果图

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本文详细介绍了Android中android:gravity属性的使用，包括CENTER、LEFT、RIGHT、TOP、BOTTOM等常量，以及它们在布局中的作用，帮助开发者更好地控制视图在容器中的位置。

android:gravity的属性官方说明如下：

public static final int AXIS_CLIP

Since: API Level 3

Raw bit controlling whether the right/bottom edge is clipped to its container, based on the gravity direction being applied.

Constant Value: 8 (0x00000008)

public static final int AXIS_PULL_AFTER

Since: API Level 1

Raw bit controlling how the right/bottom edge is placed.

Constant Value: 4 (0x00000004)

public static final int AXIS_PULL_BEFORE

Since: API Level 1

Raw bit controlling how the left/top edge is placed.

Constant Value: 2 (0x00000002)

public static final int AXIS_SPECIFIED

Since: API Level 1

Raw bit indicating the gravity for an axis has been specified.

Constant Value: 1 (0x00000001)

public static final int AXIS_X_SHIFT

Since: API Level 1

Bits defining the horizontal axis.

Constant Value: 0 (0x00000000)

public static final int AXIS_Y_SHIFT

Since: API Level 1

Bits defining the vertical axis.

Constant Value: 4 (0x00000004)

public static final int BOTTOM

Since: API Level 1

Push object to the bottom of its container, not changing its size.

Constant Value: 80 (0x00000050)

public static final int CENTER

Since: API Level 1

Place the object in the center of its container in both the vertical and horizontal axis, not changing its size.

Constant Value: 17 (0x00000011)

public static final int CENTER_HORIZONTAL

Since: API Level 1

Place object in the horizontal center of its container, not changing its size.

Constant Value: 1 (0x00000001)

public static final int CENTER_VERTICAL

Since: API Level 1

Place object in the vertical center of its container, not changing its size.

Constant Value: 16 (0x00000010)

public static final int CLIP_HORIZONTAL

Since: API Level 3

Flag to clip the edges of the object to its container along the horizontal axis.

Constant Value: 8 (0x00000008)

public static final int CLIP_VERTICAL

Since: API Level 3

Flag to clip the edges of the object to its container along the vertical axis.

Constant Value: 128 (0x00000080)

public static final int DISPLAY_CLIP_HORIZONTAL

Since: API Level 3

Special constant to enable clipping to an overall display along the horizontal dimension. This is not applied by default by apply(int, int, int, Rect, int, int, Rect); you must do so yourself by calling applyDisplay(int, Rect, Rect).

Constant Value: 16777216 (0x01000000)

public static final int DISPLAY_CLIP_VERTICAL

Since: API Level 3

Special constant to enable clipping to an overall display along the vertical dimension. This is not applied by default by apply(int, int, int, Rect, int, int, Rect); you must do so yourself by calling applyDisplay(int, Rect, Rect).

Constant Value: 268435456 (0x10000000)

public static final int END

Since: API Level 14

Push object to x-axis position at the end of its container, not changing its size.

Constant Value: 8388613 (0x00800005)

public static final int FILL

Since: API Level 1

Grow the horizontal and vertical size of the object if needed so it completely fills its container.

Constant Value: 119 (0x00000077)

public static final int FILL_HORIZONTAL

Since: API Level 1

Grow the horizontal size of the object if needed so it completely fills its container.

Constant Value: 7 (0x00000007)

public static final int FILL_VERTICAL

Since: API Level 1

Grow the vertical size of the object if needed so it completely fills its container.

Constant Value: 112 (0x00000070)

public static final int HORIZONTAL_GRAVITY_MASK

Since: API Level 1

Binary mask to get the absolute horizontal gravity of a gravity.

Constant Value: 7 (0x00000007)

public static final int LEFT

Since: API Level 1

Push object to the left of its container, not changing its size.

Constant Value: 3 (0x00000003)

public static final int NO_GRAVITY

Since: API Level 1

Constant indicating that no gravity has been set

Constant Value: 0 (0x00000000)

public static final int RELATIVE_HORIZONTAL_GRAVITY_MASK

Since: API Level 14

Binary mask for the horizontal gravity and script specific direction bit.

Constant Value: 8388615 (0x00800007)

public static final int RELATIVE_LAYOUT_DIRECTION

Since: API Level 14

Raw bit controlling whether the layout direction is relative or not (START/END instead of absolute LEFT/RIGHT).

Constant Value: 8388608 (0x00800000)

public static final int RIGHT

Since: API Level 1

Push object to the right of its container, not changing its size.

Constant Value: 5 (0x00000005)

public static final int START

Since: API Level 14

Push object to x-axis position at the start of its container, not changing its size.

Constant Value: 8388611 (0x00800003)

public static final int TOP

Since: API Level 1

Push object to the top of its container, not changing its size.

Constant Value: 48 (0x00000030)

public static final int VERTICAL_GRAVITY_MASK

Since: API Level 1

Binary mask to get the vertical gravity of a gravity.

Constant Value: 112 (0x00000070)

效果图1：

布局文件xml内容如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
   android:layout_width="fill_parent"
   android:layout_height="fill_parent"
   android:orientation="vertical">
   
   <TextView android:id="@+id/TextView01"
   		android:layout_width="fill_parent"
   		android:layout_height="35dp"
   		android:text="top"
   		android:gravity="top"
   		android:textColor="#ffffff"
   		android:background="#ff0000"
   		android:layout_margin="1px"/>
   		
   <TextView android:id="@+id/TextView02"
   		android:layout_width="fill_parent"
   		android:layout_height="35dp"
   		android:text="bottom"
   		android:gravity="bottom"
   		android:textColor="#ffffff"
   		android:background="#ff0000"
   		android:layout_margin="1px"/>
   		
   <TextView android:id="@+id/TextView03"
   		android:layout_width="fill_parent"
   		android:layout_height="35dp"
   		android:text="left"
   		android:gravity="left"
   		android:textColor="#ffffff"
   		android:background="#ff0000"
   		android:layout_margin="1px"/>
   		
   <TextView android:id="@+id/TextView04"
   		android:layout_width="fill_parent"
   		android:layout_height="35dp"
   		android:text="right"
   		android:gravity="right"
   		android:textColor="#ffffff"
   		android:background="#ff0000"
   		android:layout_margin="1px"/>
   		
   <TextView android:id="@+id/TextView05"
   		android:layout_width="fill_parent"
   		android:layout_height="35dp"
   		android:text="center_vertical"
   		android:gravity="center_vertical"
   		android:textColor="#ffffff"
   		android:background="#ff0000"
   		android:layout_margin="1px"/>
   		
   <TextView android:id="@+id/TextView06"
   		android:layout_width="fill_parent"
   		android:layout_height="35dp"
   		android:text="fill_vertical"
   		android:gravity="fill_vertical"
   		android:textColor="#ffffff"
   		android:background="#ff0000"
   		android:layout_margin="1px"/>
   		
   <TextView android:id="@+id/TextView07"
   		android:layout_width="fill_parent"
   		android:layout_height="35dp"
   		android:text="center_horizontal"
   		android:gravity="center_horizontal"
   		android:textColor="#ffffff"
   		android:background="#ff0000"
   		android:layout_margin="1px"/>
   		
   <TextView android:id="@+id/TextView08"
   		android:layout_width="fill_parent"
   		android:layout_height="35dp"
   		android:text="fill_horizontal"
   		android:gravity="fill_horizontal"
   		android:textColor="#ffffff"
   		android:background="#ff0000"
   		android:layout_margin="1px"/>   		   		   		   		   		   		   		

   <TextView android:id="@+id/TextView09"
   		android:layout_width="fill_parent"
   		android:layout_height="35dp"
   		android:text="center"
   		android:gravity="center"
   		android:textColor="#ffffff"
   		android:background="#ff0000"
   		android:layout_margin="1px"/>
   		
   <TextView android:id="@+id/TextView10"
   		android:layout_width="fill_parent"
   		android:layout_height="35dp"
   		android:text="fill"
   		android:gravity="fill"
   		android:textColor="#ffffff"
   		android:background="#ff0000"
   		android:layout_margin="1px"/>
   		
   <TextView android:id="@+id/TextView11"
   		android:layout_width="fill_parent"
   		android:layout_height="35dp"
   		android:text="clip_vertical"
   		android:gravity="clip_vertical"
   		android:textColor="#ffffff"
   		android:background="#ff0000"
   		android:layout_margin="1px"/>
   		
   <TextView android:id="@+id/TextView12"
   		android:layout_width="fill_parent"
   		android:layout_height="35dp"
   		android:text="clip_horizontal"
   		android:gravity="clip_horizontal"
   		android:textColor="#ffffff"
   		android:background="#ff0000"
   		android:layout_margin="1px"/>
   		   		   		   		   		
</LinearLayout>

效果图2：

xml布局文件如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
   android:layout_width="fill_parent"
   android:layout_height="fill_parent"
   android:orientation="vertical">
   
   <TextView android:id="@+id/TextView01"
   		android:layout_width="fill_parent"
   		android:layout_height="50dp"
   		android:text="top"
   		android:gravity="top"
   		android:textColor="#ffffff"
   		android:background="#00ff00"
   		android:layout_margin="2px"/>
   		
   <TextView android:id="@+id/TextView02"
   		android:layout_width="fill_parent"
   		android:layout_height="50dp"
   		android:text="bottom"
   		android:gravity="bottom"
   		android:textColor="#ffffff"
   		android:background="#00ff00"
   		android:layout_margin="2px"/>
   		
   <TextView android:id="@+id/TextView03"
   		android:layout_width="fill_parent"
   		android:layout_height="50dp"
   		android:text="left"
   		android:gravity="left"
   		android:textColor="#ffffff"
   		android:background="#00ff00"
   		android:layout_margin="2px"/>
   		
   <TextView android:id="@+id/TextView04"
   		android:layout_width="fill_parent"
   		android:layout_height="50dp"
   		android:text="right"
   		android:gravity="right"
   		android:textColor="#ffffff"
   		android:background="#00ff00"
   		android:layout_margin="2px"/>
   		
   <TextView android:id="@+id/TextView05"
   		android:layout_width="fill_parent"
   		android:layout_height="50dp"
   		android:text="center_vertical"
   		android:gravity="center_vertical"
   		android:textColor="#ffffff"
   		android:background="#00ff00"
   		android:layout_margin="2px"/>
   		
   <TextView android:id="@+id/TextView06"
   		android:layout_width="fill_parent"
   		android:layout_height="50dp"
   		android:text="fill_vertical"
   		android:gravity="fill_vertical"
   		android:textColor="#ffffff"
   		android:background="#00ff00"
   		android:layout_margin="2px"/>
   		
   <TextView android:id="@+id/TextView07"
   		android:layout_width="fill_parent"
   		android:layout_height="50dp"
   		android:text="center_horizontal"
   		android:gravity="center_horizontal"
   		android:textColor="#ffffff"
   		android:background="#00ff00"
   		android:layout_margin="2px"/>
   		
   <TextView android:id="@+id/TextView08"
   		android:layout_width="fill_parent"
   		android:layout_height="50dp"
   		android:text="fill_horizontal"
   		android:gravity="fill_horizontal"
   		android:textColor="#ffffff"
   		android:background="#00ff00"
   		android:layout_margin="2px"/>   		   		   		   		   		   		   		

   <TextView android:id="@+id/TextView09"
   		android:layout_width="fill_parent"
   		android:layout_height="50dp"
   		android:text="center"
   		android:gravity="center"
   		android:textColor="#ffffff"
   		android:background="#00ff00"
   		android:layout_margin="2px"/>
   		
   <TextView android:id="@+id/TextView10"
   		android:layout_width="fill_parent"
   		android:layout_height="50dp"
   		android:text="fill"
   		android:gravity="fill"
   		android:textColor="#ffffff"
   		android:background="#00ff00"
   		android:layout_margin="2px"/>
   		
   <TextView android:id="@+id/TextView11"
   		android:layout_width="fill_parent"
   		android:layout_height="50dp"
   		android:text="clip_vertical"
   		android:gravity="clip_vertical"
   		android:textColor="#ffffff"
   		android:background="#00ff00"
   		android:layout_margin="2px"/>
   		
   <TextView android:id="@+id/TextView12"
   		android:layout_width="fill_parent"
   		android:layout_height="50dp"
   		android:text="clip_horizontal"
   		android:gravity="clip_horizontal"
   		android:textColor="#ffffff"
   		android:background="#00ff00"
   		android:layout_margin="2px"/>
   		   		   		   		   		
</LinearLayout>