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简介
这节课NeHe课程教我们如何读取一张raw格式的图片,并且对两张raw格式图片进行处理生成了一张纹理图片。整个过程并不是十分复杂,文中大部分内容涉及到图片数据的操作。
首先我们创建需要显示的立方体:
- osg::Geode* createCubeGeode(osg::Image *image)
- {
- osg::Geometry *quadGeometry = new osg::Geometry;
- osg::Vec3Array *quadVertexArray = new osg::Vec3Array;
- for (unsigned i = 0; i < sizeof(QuadVertices); ++i)
- {
- quadVertexArray->push_back(osg::Vec3(QuadVertices[i][0], QuadVertices[i][1], QuadVertices[i][2]));
- }
- quadGeometry->setVertexArray(quadVertexArray);
- ......
- }
首先我们使用NeHe中用到的函数读取图片:(函数代码并不完整,完整代码查看后面的附录中源码)
- osg::Image* ReadTextureData ( char *filename, unsigned int width, unsigned int height, unsigned int pixelPerBytes)
- {
- //NeHe中使用256x256大小的图片,并且每个像素的字节数是4
- //因此这里在分配内存是使用RGBA都是8位的方式(1个字节)
- //正好是4个字节
- osg::Image *buffer = new osg::Image;
- buffer->allocateImage(width, height, 1, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE);
- int bytesPerPixel = buffer->getPixelSizeInBits() / 8;
- FILE *f;
- int i,j,k,done=0;
- int stride = buffer->s() * buffer->getPixelSizeInBits() / 8; // Size Of A Row (Width * Bytes Per Pixel)
- unsigned char *p = NULL;
- ......
- }
最后生成我们的256x256的大小的纹理,图片的每个像素占用4个字节:
- osg::Image* createTextureImage()
- {
- osg::Image *src = ReadTextureData("Data/GL.raw", 256, 256, 32);
- osg::Image *dst = ReadTextureData("Data/Monitor.raw", 256, 256, 32);
- Blit(src,dst,127,127,128,128,64,64,1,127);
- return dst;
- }
将图片设置给立方体纹理,场景中为了简便用AnimationPathCallback来进行旋转:
- osg::AnimationPathCallback *quadAnimationCallbackX =
- new osg::AnimationPathCallback(osg::Vec3d(0, 0, 0), osg::Vec3(1, 0, 0), 2.5);
- osg::AnimationPathCallback *quadAnimationCallbackY =
- new osg::AnimationPathCallback(osg::Vec3d(0, 0, 0), osg::Vec3(0, 1, 0), 1.5);
- osg::AnimationPathCallback *quadAnimationCallbackZ =
- new osg::AnimationPathCallback(osg::Vec3d(0, 0, 0), osg::Vec3(0, 0, 1), 0.5);
- osg::MatrixTransform *quadXRotMT = new osg::MatrixTransform;
- quadXRotMT->setUpdateCallback(quadAnimationCallbackX);
- osg::MatrixTransform *quadYRotMT = new osg::MatrixTransform;
- quadYRotMT->setUpdateCallback(quadAnimationCallbackY);
- osg::MatrixTransform *quadZRotMT = new osg::MatrixTransform;
- quadZRotMT->setUpdateCallback(quadAnimationCallbackZ);
- quadMT->addChild(quadXRotMT);
- quadXRotMT->addChild(quadYRotMT);
- quadYRotMT->addChild(quadZRotMT);
- osg::Image *image = createTextureImage();
- quadZRotMT->addChild(createCubeGeode(image));
附:本课源码(源码中可能存在错误和不足,仅供参考)
- #include "../osgNeHe.h"
- #include <QtCore/QTimer>
- #include <QtGui/QApplication>
- #include <QtGui/QVBoxLayout>
- #include <osgViewer/Viewer>
- #include <osgDB/ReadFile>
- #include <osgQt/GraphicsWindowQt>
- #include <osg/MatrixTransform>
- #include <osg/Texture2D>
- #include <osg/AnimationPath>
- float textureVertices[][2] = {
- //Front Face
- {0.0f, 0.0f},
- {1.0f, 0.0f},
- {1.0f, 1.0f},
- {0.0f, 1.0f},
- // Back Face
- {1.0f, 0.0f},
- {1.0f, 1.0f},
- {0.0f, 1.0f},
- {0.0f, 0.0f},
- // Top Face
- {0.0f, 1.0f},
- {0.0f, 0.0f},
- {1.0f, 0.0f},
- {1.0f, 1.0f},
- // Bottom Face
- {1.0f, 1.0f},
- {0.0f, 1.0f},
- {0.0f, 0.0f},
- {1.0f, 0.0f},
- // Right face
- {1.0f, 0.0f},
- {1.0f, 1.0f},
- {0.0f, 1.0f},
- {0.0f, 0.0f},
- // Left Face
- {0.0f, 0.0f},
- {1.0f, 0.0f},
- {1.0f, 1.0f},
- {0.0f, 1.0f}
- };
- float QuadVertices[][3] = {
- {-1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f},
- { 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f},
- { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f},
- {-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f},
- {-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f},
- {-1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f},
- { 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f},
- { 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f},
- {-1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f},
- {-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f},
- { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f},
- { 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f},
- {-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f},
- { 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f},
- { 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f},
- {-1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f},
- { 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f},
- { 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f},
- { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f},
- { 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f},
- {-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f},
- {-1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f},
- {-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f},
- {-1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f}
- };
- float normalsArray[][3] = {
- {0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f},
- {0.0f, 0.0f,-1.0f},
- {0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f},
- {0.0f,-1.0f, 0.0f},
- {1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f},
- {-1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f}
- };
- //
- osg::Geode* createCubeGeode(osg::Image *image)
- {
- osg::Geometry *quadGeometry = new osg::Geometry;
- osg::Vec3Array *quadVertexArray = new osg::Vec3Array;
- for (unsigned i = 0; i < sizeof(QuadVertices); ++i)
- {
- quadVertexArray->push_back(osg::Vec3(QuadVertices[i][0], QuadVertices[i][1], QuadVertices[i][2]));
- }
- quadGeometry->setVertexArray(quadVertexArray);
- osg::Vec2Array* texcoords = new osg::Vec2Array;
- for (unsigned i = 0; i < sizeof(textureVertices); ++i)
- {
- texcoords->push_back(osg::Vec2(textureVertices[i][0], textureVertices[i][1]));
- }
- quadGeometry->setTexCoordArray(0,texcoords);
- osg::Vec3Array *normals = new osg::Vec3Array;
- for (unsigned i = 0; i < sizeof(normals); ++i)
- {
- for (int j = 0; j < 4; ++j)
- {
- normals->push_back(osg::Vec3(normalsArray[i][0], normalsArray[i][1], normalsArray[i][2]));
- }
- }
- quadGeometry->setNormalArray(normals, osg::Array::BIND_PER_VERTEX);
- int first = 0;
- for (unsigned i = 0; i < 6; ++i)
- {
- osg::DrawArrays *vertexIndices = new osg::DrawArrays(osg::PrimitiveSet::QUADS, first, 4);
- first += 4;
- quadGeometry->addPrimitiveSet(vertexIndices);
- }
- osg::Texture2D *texture2D = new osg::Texture2D;
- texture2D->setImage(image);
- texture2D->setFilter(osg::Texture::MIN_FILTER, osg::Texture::LINEAR);
- texture2D->setFilter(osg::Texture::MAG_FILTER, osg::Texture::LINEAR);
- quadGeometry->getOrCreateStateSet()->setTextureAttributeAndModes(0, texture2D);
- quadGeometry->getOrCreateStateSet()->setMode(GL_LIGHTING, osg::StateAttribute::OFF);
- osg::Geode *quadGeode = new osg::Geode;
- quadGeode->addDrawable(quadGeometry);
- return quadGeode;
- }
- //
- //
- //操作Raw纹理
- osg::Image* ReadTextureData ( char *filename, unsigned int width, unsigned int height, unsigned int pixelPerBytes)
- {
- //NeHe中使用256x256大小的图片,并且每个像素的字节数是4
- //因此这里在分配内存是使用RGBA都是8位的方式(1个字节)
- //正好是4个字节
- osg::Image *buffer = new osg::Image;
- buffer->allocateImage(width, height, 1, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE);
- int bytesPerPixel = buffer->getPixelSizeInBits() / 8;
- FILE *f;
- int i,j,k,done=0;
- int stride = buffer->s() * buffer->getPixelSizeInBits() / 8; // Size Of A Row (Width * Bytes Per Pixel)
- unsigned char *p = NULL;
- f = fopen(filename, "rb"); // Open "filename" For Reading Bytes
- if( f != NULL ) // If File Exists
- {
- for( i = buffer->t()-1; i >= 0 ; i-- ) // Loop Through Height (Bottoms Up - Flip Image)
- {
- p = buffer->data() + (i * stride ); //
- for ( j = 0; j < buffer->s() ; j++ ) // Loop Through Width
- {
- for ( k = 0 ; k < buffer->getPixelSizeInBits() / 8-1 ; k++, p++, done++ )
- {
- *p = fgetc(f); // Read Value From File And Store In Memory
- }
- *p = 255; p++; // Store 255 In Alpha Channel And Increase Pointer
- }
- }
- fclose(f); // Close The File
- }
- return buffer; // Returns Number Of Bytes Read In
- }
- void Blit( osg::Image *src, osg::Image *dst,
- int src_xstart, int src_ystart, int src_width, int src_height,
- int dst_xstart, int dst_ystart, int blend, int alpha)
- {
- int i,j,k;
- unsigned char *s, *d;
- // Clamp Alpha If Value Is Out Of Range
- if( alpha > 255 ) alpha = 255;
- if( alpha < 0 ) alpha = 0;
- // Check For Incorrect Blend Flag Values
- if( blend < 0 ) blend = 0;
- if( blend > 1 ) blend = 1;
- d = dst->data() + (dst_ystart * dst->s() * dst->getPixelSizeInBits() / 8); // Start Row - dst (Row * Width In Pixels * Bytes Per Pixel)
- s = src->data() + (src_ystart * src->s() * src->getPixelSizeInBits() / 8); // Start Row - src (Row * Width In Pixels * Bytes Per Pixel)
- for (i = 0 ; i < src_height ; i++ ) // Height Loop
- {
- s = s + (src_xstart * src->getPixelSizeInBits() / 8); // Move Through Src Data By Bytes Per Pixel
- d = d + (dst_xstart * dst->getPixelSizeInBits() / 8); // Move Through Dst Data By Bytes Per Pixel
- for (j = 0 ; j < src_width ; j++ ) // Width Loop
- {
- for( k = 0 ; k < src->getPixelSizeInBits()/8 ; k++, d++, s++) // "n" Bytes At A Time
- {
- if (blend) // If Blending Is On
- *d = ( (*s * alpha) + (*d * (255-alpha)) ) >> 8; // Multiply Src Data*alpha Add Dst Data*(255-alpha)
- else // Keep in 0-255 Range With >> 8
- *d = *s; // No Blending Just Do A Straight Copy
- }
- }
- d = d + (dst->s() - (src_width + dst_xstart))*dst->getPixelSizeInBits()/8; // Add End Of Row */
- s = s + (src->s() - (src_width + src_xstart))*src->getPixelSizeInBits()/8; // Add End Of Row */
- }
- }
- osg::Image* createTextureImage()
- {
- osg::Image *src = ReadTextureData("Data/GL.raw", 256, 256, 32);
- osg::Image *dst = ReadTextureData("Data/Monitor.raw", 256, 256, 32);
- Blit(src,dst,127,127,128,128,64,64,1,127);
- return dst;
- }
- //
- //
- class ViewerWidget : public QWidget, public osgViewer::Viewer
- {
- public:
- ViewerWidget(osg::Node *scene = NULL)
- {
- QWidget* renderWidget = getRenderWidget( createGraphicsWindow(0,0,100,100), scene);
- QVBoxLayout* layout = new QVBoxLayout;
- layout->addWidget(renderWidget);
- layout->setContentsMargins(0, 0, 0, 1);
- setLayout( layout );
- connect( &_timer, SIGNAL(timeout()), this, SLOT(update()) );
- _timer.start( 10 );
- }
- QWidget* getRenderWidget( osgQt::GraphicsWindowQt* gw, osg::Node* scene )
- {
- osg::Camera* camera = this->getCamera();
- camera->setGraphicsContext( gw );
- const osg::GraphicsContext::Traits* traits = gw->getTraits();
- camera->setClearColor( osg::Vec4(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0) );
- camera->setViewport( new osg::Viewport(0, 0, traits->width, traits->height) );
- camera->setProjectionMatrixAsPerspective(45.0f, static_cast<double>(traits->width)/static_cast<double>(traits->height), 0.1f, 100.0f );
- camera->setViewMatrixAsLookAt(osg::Vec3d(0, 0, 1), osg::Vec3d(0, 0, 0), osg::Vec3d(0, 1, 0));
- this->setSceneData( scene );
- return gw->getGLWidget();
- }
- osgQt::GraphicsWindowQt* createGraphicsWindow( int x, int y, int w, int h, const std::string& name="", bool windowDecoration=false )
- {
- osg::DisplaySettings* ds = osg::DisplaySettings::instance().get();
- osg::ref_ptr<osg::GraphicsContext::Traits> traits = new osg::GraphicsContext::Traits;
- traits->windowName = name;
- traits->windowDecoration = windowDecoration;
- traits->x = x;
- traits->y = y;
- traits->width = w;
- traits->height = h;
- traits->doubleBuffer = true;
- traits->alpha = ds->getMinimumNumAlphaBits();
- traits->stencil = ds->getMinimumNumStencilBits();
- traits->sampleBuffers = ds->getMultiSamples();
- traits->samples = ds->getNumMultiSamples();
- return new osgQt::GraphicsWindowQt(traits.get());
- }
- virtual void paintEvent( QPaintEvent* event )
- {
- frame();
- }
- protected:
- QTimer _timer;
- };
- osg::Node* buildScene()
- {
- osg::Group *root = new osg::Group;
- osg::MatrixTransform *quadMT = new osg::MatrixTransform;
- quadMT->setMatrix(osg::Matrix::translate(0.0, 0.0, -5.0));
- osg::AnimationPathCallback *quadAnimationCallbackX =
- new osg::AnimationPathCallback(osg::Vec3d(0, 0, 0), osg::Vec3(1, 0, 0), 2.5);
- osg::AnimationPathCallback *quadAnimationCallbackY =
- new osg::AnimationPathCallback(osg::Vec3d(0, 0, 0), osg::Vec3(0, 1, 0), 1.5);
- osg::AnimationPathCallback *quadAnimationCallbackZ =
- new osg::AnimationPathCallback(osg::Vec3d(0, 0, 0), osg::Vec3(0, 0, 1), 0.5);
- osg::MatrixTransform *quadXRotMT = new osg::MatrixTransform;
- quadXRotMT->setUpdateCallback(quadAnimationCallbackX);
- osg::MatrixTransform *quadYRotMT = new osg::MatrixTransform;
- quadYRotMT->setUpdateCallback(quadAnimationCallbackY);
- osg::MatrixTransform *quadZRotMT = new osg::MatrixTransform;
- quadZRotMT->setUpdateCallback(quadAnimationCallbackZ);
- quadMT->addChild(quadXRotMT);
- quadXRotMT->addChild(quadYRotMT);
- quadYRotMT->addChild(quadZRotMT);
- osg::Image *image = createTextureImage();
- quadZRotMT->addChild(createCubeGeode(image));
- root->addChild(quadMT);
- return root;
- }
- int main( int argc, char** argv )
- {
- QApplication app(argc, argv);
- ViewerWidget* viewWidget = new ViewerWidget(buildScene());
- viewWidget->setGeometry( 100, 100, 640, 480 );
- viewWidget->show();
- return app.exec();
- }