划重点:OpenAI o1/o3的正确打开方式

苹果&SpaceX前工程师Ben Hylak订阅 200 美元/月的o1 pro 后,经过一天的认真尝试,发现它很差劲:

 1、每次我问一个问题,都要等 5 分钟;2、结果看到的只是一大堆自相矛盾的官样文章;3、还有未经请求的架构图 + 优缺点列表。

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是o1真的不行吗?还是使用方式不对?重点来了,OpenAI CEO 山姆奥特曼转发:

o1 不是聊天模型(o1 isn’t a chat model

它更像一个“报告生成器”。如果你给它足够的背景信息,并告诉它你想要输出什么,它通常会一次性给出解决方案。

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不要写提示,而要写简介

提供大量的上下文。

o1会直接按照懒惰的问题来处理,不会试图从你那里获取上下文。相反,你需要尽可能多地向o1提供上下文。

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简而言之,把o1当作新员工对待。注意o1的错误包括对其应该进行多少推理的推理。有时,方差未能准确映射到任务难度。例如,如果任务真的很简单,它往往会毫无理由地陷入推理的兔子洞。

让o1更容易获取上下文的技巧

  1. 建议使用mac/手机上的语音备忘录应用程序。只需描述整个问题空间1-2分钟,然后将转录内容粘贴进去。

  2. 出现在产品中的AI助手通常可以更容易地进行这种提取。例如,如果你使用Supabase,尝试让Supabase助手转储/描述所有相关的表/RPC等。

花 10 倍以上的时间去提示

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关注目标:描述你想要什么

在大多数模型中,我们被训练成告诉模型我们想要它如何回答我们。例如,“你是一位专家软件工程师。思考要慢+仔细”。

o1成功的方法恰恰相反。我不指导它如何操作——只指导它是什么。然后让o1接管并自行规划和解决问题。这就是自主推理的作用,实际上可能比你手动审查和聊天作为“人类环节”要快得多。

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了解o1擅长和不擅长的事情

  1. o1擅长的方面

    • 一次性生成整个/多个文件

    • 幻觉更少

    • 医疗诊断

    • 解释复杂概念

    • 生成多个计划并比较优缺点

    • 额外奖励:评估

  2. o1目前还不擅长的方面

    • 以特定的声音/风格写作

    • 构建整个应用程序

https://www.latent.space/p/o1-skill-issue

来源 | PaperAgent

\ProgramData\miniconda3\envs\torch\python.exe D:\桌面\point\2.py [Open3D WARNING] Read PLY failed: unable to open file: D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709721.ply 处理文件 D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709721.ply 时出错: index -1 is out of bounds for axis 0 with size 0 [Open3D WARNING] Read PLY failed: unable to open file: D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709724.ply 处理文件 D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709724.ply 时出错: index -1 is out of bounds for axis 0 with size 0 [Open3D WARNING] Read PLY failed: unable to open file: D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709727.ply 处理文件 D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709727.ply 时出错: index -1 is out of bounds for axis 0 with size 0 [Open3D WARNING] Read PLY failed: unable to open file: D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709730.ply 处理文件 D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709730.ply 时出错: index -1 is out of bounds for axis 0 with size 0 [Open3D WARNING] Read PLY failed: unable to open file: D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709733.ply 处理文件 D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709733.ply 时出错: index -1 is out of bounds for axis 0 with size 0 [Open3D WARNING] Read PLY failed: unable to open file: D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709736.ply 处理文件 D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709736.ply 时出错: index -1 is out of bounds for axis 0 with size 0 [Open3D WARNING] Read PLY failed: unable to open file: D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709739.ply 处理文件 D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709739.ply 时出错: index -1 is out of bounds for axis 0 with size 0 [Open3D WARNING] Read PLY failed: unable to open file: D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709742.ply 处理文件 D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709742.ply 时出错: index -1 is out of bounds for axis 0 with size 0 [Open3D WARNING] Read PLY failed: unable to open file: D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709745.ply 处理文件 D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709745.ply 时出错: index -1 is out of bounds for axis 0 with size 0 [Open3D WARNING] Read PLY failed: unable to open file: D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709748.ply 处理文件 D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709748.ply 时出错: index -1 is out of bounds for axis 0 with size 0 [Open3D WARNING] Read PLY failed: unable to open file: D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709751.ply 处理文件 D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709751.ply 时出错: index -1 is out of bounds for axis 0 with size 0 [Open3D WARNING] Read PLY failed: unable to open file: D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709754.ply 处理文件 D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709754.ply 时出错: index -1 is out of bounds for axis 0 with size 0 [Open3D WARNING] Read PLY failed: unable to open file: D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709757.ply 处理文件 D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709757.ply 时出错: index -1 is out of bounds for axis 0 with size 0 [Open3D WARNING] Read PLY failed: unable to open file: D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709760.ply 处理文件 D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709760.ply 时出错: index -1 is out of bounds for axis 0 with size 0 [Open3D WARNING] Read PLY failed: unable to open file: D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709763.ply 处理文件 D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709763.ply 时出错: index -1 is out of bounds for axis 0 with size 0 [Open3D WARNING] Read PLY failed: unable to open file: D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709766.ply 处理文件 D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709766.ply 时出错: index -1 is out of bounds for axis 0 with size 0 [Open3D WARNING] Read PLY failed: unable to open file: D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709769.ply 处理文件 D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709769.ply 时出错: index -1 is out of bounds for axis 0 with size 0 [Open3D WARNING] Read PLY failed: unable to open file: D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709772.ply 处理文件 D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709772.ply 时出错: index -1 is out of bounds for axis 0 with size 0 [Open3D WARNING] Read PLY failed: unable to open file: D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709775.ply 处理文件 D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709775.ply 时出错: index -1 is out of bounds for axis 0 with size 0 [Open3D WARNING] Read PLY failed: unable to open file: D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709778.ply 处理文件 D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709778.ply 时出错: index -1 is out of bounds for axis 0 with size 0 [Open3D WARNING] Read PLY failed: unable to open file: D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709781.ply 处理文件 D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709781.ply 时出错: index -1 is out of bounds for axis 0 with size 0 [Open3D WARNING] Read PLY failed: unable to open file: D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709784.ply 处理文件 D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709784.ply 时出错: index -1 is out of bounds for axis 0 with size 0 [Open3D WARNING] Read PLY failed: unable to open file: D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709787.ply 处理文件 D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709787.ply 时出错: index -1 is out of bounds for axis 0 with size 0 [Open3D WARNING] Read PLY failed: unable to open file: D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709790.ply 处理文件 D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709790.ply 时出错: index -1 is out of bounds for axis 0 with size 0 [Open3D WARNING] Read PLY failed: unable to open file: D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709793.ply RPly: Unable to open file RPly: Unable to open file RPly: Unable to open file RPly: Unable to open file RPly: Unable to open file RPly: Unable to open file RPly: Unable to open file RPly: Unable to open file RPly: Unable to open file RPly: Unable to open file RPly: Unable to open file RPly: Unable to open file RPly: Unable to open file RPly: Unable to open file RPly: Unable to open file RPly: Unable to open file RPly: Unable to open file RPly: Unable to open file RPly: Unable to open file RPly: Unable to open file RPly: Unable to open file RPly: Unable to open file RPly: Unable to open file RPly: Unable to open file RPly: Unable to open file RPly: Unable to open file RPly: Unable to open file RPly: Unable to open file RPly: Unable to open file RPly: Unable to open file RPly: Unable to open file RPly: Unable to open file RPly: Unable to open file RPly: Unable to open file RPly: Unable to open file RPly: Unable to open file RPly: Unable to open file RPly: Unable to open file RPly: Unable to open file RPly: Unable to open file RPly: Unable to open file RPly: Unable to open file RPly: Unable to open file RPly: Unable to open file RPly: Unable to open file RPly: Unable to open file RPly: Unable to open file RPly: Unable to open file RPly: Unable to open file RPly: Unable to open file RPly: Unable to open file 处理文件 D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709793.ply 时出错: index -1 is out of bounds for axis 0 with size 0 [Open3D WARNING] Read PLY failed: unable to open file: D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709796.ply 处理文件 D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709796.ply 时出错: index -1 is out of bounds for axis 0 with size 0 [Open3D WARNING] Read PLY failed: unable to open file: D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709799.ply 处理文件 D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709799.ply 时出错: index -1 is out of bounds for axis 0 with size 0 [Open3D WARNING] Read PLY failed: unable to open file: D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709802.ply 处理文件 D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709802.ply 时出错: index -1 is out of bounds for axis 0 with size 0 [Open3D WARNING] Read PLY failed: unable to open file: D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709805.ply 处理文件 D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709805.ply 时出错: index -1 is out of bounds for axis 0 with size 0 [Open3D WARNING] Read PLY failed: unable to open file: D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709808.ply 处理文件 D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709808.ply 时出错: index -1 is out of bounds for axis 0 with size 0 [Open3D WARNING] Read PLY failed: unable to open file: D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709811.ply 处理文件 D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709811.ply 时出错: index -1 is out of bounds for axis 0 with size 0 [Open3D WARNING] Read PLY failed: unable to open file: D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709814.ply 处理文件 D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709814.ply 时出错: index -1 is out of bounds for axis 0 with size 0 [Open3D WARNING] Read PLY failed: unable to open file: D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709817.ply 处理文件 D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709817.ply 时出错: index -1 is out of bounds for axis 0 with size 0 [Open3D WARNING] Read PLY failed: unable to open file: D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709820.ply 处理文件 D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709820.ply 时出错: index -1 is out of bounds for axis 0 with size 0 [Open3D WARNING] Read PLY failed: unable to open file: D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709823.ply 处理文件 D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709823.ply 时出错: index -1 is out of bounds for axis 0 with size 0 [Open3D WARNING] Read PLY failed: unable to open file: D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709826.ply 处理文件 D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709826.ply 时出错: index -1 is out of bounds for axis 0 with size 0 [Open3D WARNING] Read PLY failed: unable to open file: D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709829.ply 处理文件 D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709829.ply 时出错: index -1 is out of bounds for axis 0 with size 0 [Open3D WARNING] Read PLY failed: unable to open file: D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709832.ply 处理文件 D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709832.ply 时出错: index -1 is out of bounds for axis 0 with size 0 [Open3D WARNING] Read PLY failed: unable to open file: D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709835.ply 处理文件 D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709835.ply 时出错: index -1 is out of bounds for axis 0 with size 0 [Open3D WARNING] Read PLY failed: unable to open file: D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709838.ply 处理文件 D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709838.ply 时出错: index -1 is out of bounds for axis 0 with size 0 [Open3D WARNING] Read PLY failed: unable to open file: D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709841.ply 处理文件 D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709841.ply 时出错: index -1 is out of bounds for axis 0 with size 0 [Open3D WARNING] Read PLY failed: unable to open file: D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709844.ply 处理文件 D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709844.ply 时出错: index -1 is out of bounds for axis 0 with size 0 [Open3D WARNING] Read PLY failed: unable to open file: D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709847.ply 处理文件 D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709847.ply 时出错: index -1 is out of bounds for axis 0 with size 0 [Open3D WARNING] Read PLY failed: unable to open file: D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709850.ply 处理文件 D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709850.ply 时出错: index -1 is out of bounds for axis 0 with size 0 [Open3D WARNING] Read PLY failed: unable to open file: D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709853.ply 处理文件 D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709853.ply 时出错: index -1 is out of bounds for axis 0 with size 0 [Open3D WARNING] Read PLY failed: unable to open file: D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709856.ply 处理文件 D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709856.ply 时出错: index -1 is out of bounds for axis 0 with size 0 [Open3D WARNING] Read PLY failed: unable to open file: D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709859.ply 处理文件 D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709859.ply 时出错: index -1 is out of bounds for axis 0 with size 0 [Open3D WARNING] Read PLY failed: unable to open file: D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709862.ply 处理文件 D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709862.ply 时出错: index -1 is out of bounds for axis 0 with size 0 [Open3D WARNING] Read PLY failed: unable to open file: D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709865.ply 处理文件 D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709865.ply 时出错: index -1 is out of bounds for axis 0 with size 0 [Open3D WARNING] Read PLY failed: unable to open file: D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709868.ply 处理文件 D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709868.ply 时出错: index -1 is out of bounds for axis 0 with size 0 [Open3D WARNING] Read PLY failed: unable to open file: D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709871.ply 处理文件 D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709871.ply 时出错: index -1 is out of bounds for axis 0 with size 0 [Open3D WARNING] Read PLY failed: unable to open file: D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709874.ply 处理文件 D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709874.ply 时出错: index -1 is out of bounds for axis 0 with size 0 [Open3D WARNING] Read PLY failed: unable to open file: D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709877.ply 处理文件 D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709877.ply 时出错: index -1 is out of bounds for axis 0 with size 0 [Open3D WARNING] Read PLY failed: unable to open file: D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709880.ply 处理文件 D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709880.ply 时出错: index -1 is out of bounds for axis 0 with size 0 [Open3D WARNING] Read PLY failed: unable to open file: D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709883.ply 处理文件 D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709883.ply 时出错: index -1 is out of bounds for axis 0 with size 0 [Open3D WARNING] Read PLY failed: unable to open file: D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709886.ply 处理文件 D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709886.ply 时出错: index -1 is out of bounds for axis 0 with size 0 [Open3D WARNING] Read PLY failed: unable to open file: D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709889.ply 处理文件 D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709889.ply 时出错: index -1 is out of bounds for axis 0 with size 0 [Open3D WARNING] Read PLY failed: unable to open file: D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709892.ply 处理文件 D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709892.ply 时出错: index -1 is out of bounds for axis 0 with size 0 [Open3D WARNING] Read PLY failed: unable to open file: D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709895.ply 处理文件 D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709895.ply 时出错: index -1 is out of bounds for axis 0 with size 0 [Open3D WARNING] Read PLY failed: unable to open file: D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709898.ply 处理文件 D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709898.ply 时出错: index -1 is out of bounds for axis 0 with size 0 RPly: Unable to open file RPly: Unable to open file RPly: Unable to open file RPly: Unable to open file RPly: Unable to open file RPly: Unable to open file RPly: Unable to open file RPly: Unable to open file RPly: Unable to open file
07-23
你提供的日志显示了两个**主要错误**,导致你的点云处理脚本 **无法正常运行**: --- ## ❌ 错误类型 1:文件无法打开 ``` [Open3D WARNING] Read PLY failed: unable to open file: D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709721.ply RPly: Unable to open file ``` ### 🔍 问题分析 - **路径不存在** 或 **文件不存在**; - **路径中存在中英文混合或特殊字符**; - **权限问题**(无法访问目标路径); - **路径格式错误**(混合使用 `/` 和 `\`,Windows 一般用 `\`); ### ✅ 解决方案 #### ✅ 1. 检查路径是否存在 ```python if not os.path.exists(input_file): raise FileNotFoundError(f"文件不存在: {input_file}") ``` #### ✅ 2. 替换 `os.path` 为 `pathlib`(自动兼容路径) ```python from pathlib import Path input_file = Path("D:/桌面/point/data/part1/709721.ply") if not input_file.exists(): raise FileNotFoundError(f"文件不存在: {input_file}") ``` #### ✅ 3. 使用 `str()` 转换路径传给 Open3D ```python pcd = o3d.io.read_point_cloud(str(input_file)) ``` --- ## ❌ 错误类型 2:索引越界(index -1 out of bounds) ``` 处理文件 D:/桌面/point/data/part1\709721.ply 时出错: index -1 is out of bounds for axis 0 with size 0 ``` ### 🔍 问题分析 - **尝试访问一个空数组的最后一个元素**; - 通常发生在以下代码中: ```python labels = db.labels_ valid_indices = np.where(labels != -1)[0] ``` 如果 `labels` 是空数组(如 `len(labels) == 0`),就会报错。 ### ✅ 解决方案 在执行 `np.where(labels != -1)` 之前加判断: ```python if labels.size == 0: # 处理空标签情况,例如跳过该文件或返回原始点云 return pcd # 或 raise 异常提示数据异常 ``` --- ## 🛠️ 推荐改进后的 `run_DBSCAN` 函数 ```python def run_DBSCAN(pcd, min_samples=10): points = np.asarray(pcd.points) if len(points) == 0: print("⚠️ 空点云,跳过 DBSCAN") return pcd, {}, [] # 计算平均密度 tree = cKDTree(points) distances, _ = tree.query(points, k=20) eps = np.percentile(distances[:, -1], 95) # 执行 DBSCAN db = DBSCAN(eps=eps, min_samples=min_samples).fit(points) labels = db.labels_ # 处理无聚类情况 if labels.size == 0: print("⚠️ DBSCAN 未生成有效聚类") return pcd, {}, [] # 移除噪声点 valid_indices = np.where(labels != -1)[0] if len(valid_indices) == 0: print("⚠️ 所有点都被标记为噪声") return pcd, {}, [] denoised_pcd = o3d.geometry.PointCloud() denoised_pcd.points = o3d.utility.Vector3dVector(points[valid_indices]) # 保留属性 clean_attributes = {} if pcd.has_colors(): colors = np.asarray(pcd.colors) clean_attributes['colors'] = colors[valid_indices] if pcd.has_normals(): normals = np.asarray(pcd.normals) clean_attributes['normals'] = normals[valid_indices] # 提取簇 clusters = [] unique_labels = np.unique(labels[labels != -1]) for label in unique_labels: cluster_indices = np.where(labels == label)[0] cluster_pcd = o3d.geometry.PointCloud() cluster_pcd.points = o3d.utility.Vector3dVector(points[cluster_indices]) clusters.append(cluster_pcd) return denoised_pcd, clean_attributes, clusters ``` --- ## 📁 路径建议(避免中文路径) **建议将输入路径改为英文路径**,例如: ``` INPUT_FOLDER = 'D:/code/point_cloud/data/part1' OUTPUT_FOLDER = 'D:/code/point_cloud/output' ``` 避免路径中包含“桌面”、“编程”、“点云大赛”等中文字符,有些库对中文路径支持不好。 --- ## ✅ 总结 | 问题 | 原因 | 解决方案 | |------|------|-----------| | `Read PLY failed: unable to open file` | 文件路径错误 | 使用 `Path` + `exists()` 检查路径 | | `index -1 is out of bounds for axis 0 with size 0` | 空数组访问最后一个元素 | 加空数组判断 | | 路径中含中文 | 部分库不兼容中文路径 | 改为英文路径 | | 多线程异常难以调试 | 日志中无上下文 | 添加 `try-except` 上下文打印 | --- 如果你希望我继续帮你: - ✅ 添加日志记录模块(带文件名+错误信息); - ✅ 自动跳过无效文件; - ✅ 生成错误日志文件(失败的文件列表); - ✅ 完整脚本修复; 请告诉我你的目标和需求,我可以继续为你完善脚本。
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