CentOS7网络配置ping通外网_centos7 ping参数

随着服务器的增多，网络环境越来越复杂，linux网络管理越来越显的重要，接下来我们介绍一下linux网络管理命令来提高运维效率。

ping检查网络连通性

ping 常常用来测试与目的主机的连通性。

可以ping通

# ping 172.16.1.254
PING 172.16.1.254 (172.16.1.254) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 172.16.1.254: icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=0.529 ms
64 bytes from 172.16.1.254: icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=0.297 ms
64 bytes from 172.16.1.254: icmp_seq=3 ttl=128 time=0.135 ms
64 bytes from 172.16.1.254: icmp_seq=4 ttl=128 time=0.245 ms
64 bytes from 172.16.1.254: icmp_seq=5 ttl=128 time=0.214 ms
^C
--- 172.16.1.254 ping statistics ---
5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 4001ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.135/0.284/0.529/0.133 ms

不可以ping通

# ping 172.16.1.250
PING 172.16.1.250 (172.16.1.250) 56(84) bytes of data.
From 172.16.1.16 icmp_seq=1 Destination Host Unreachable
From 172.16.1.16 icmp_seq=2 Destination Host Unreachable
From 172.16.1.16 icmp_seq=3 Destination Host Unreachable
From 172.16.1.16 icmp_seq=4 Destination Host Unreachable
From 172.16.1.16 icmp_seq=5 Destination Host Unreachable
From 172.16.1.16 icmp_seq=6 Destination Host Unreachable
From 172.16.1.16 icmp_seq=7 Destination Host Unreachable
From 172.16.1.16 icmp_seq=8 Destination Host Unreachable
^C
--- 172.16.1.250 ping statistics ---
9 packets transmitted, 0 received, +8 errors, 100% packet loss, time 8003ms
pipe 4

配置网络

设置ip

# ifconfig ens33:1 172.16.1.114 netmask 255.255.255.0 up

更改MAC地址

# ifconfig ens33:1 hw ether 00:0c:29:0b:07:77

修改路由表

显示路由表

# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
0.0.0.0         172.16.1.254    0.0.0.0         UG    100    0        0 ens33
172.16.1.0      0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     100    0        0 ens33
192.168.122.0   0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 virbr0

添加路由

# route add -net 172.16.2.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 172.16.1.254

删除路由

[root@chao ~]# route del -net 172.16.2.0 netmask 255.255.255.0

查看网络状态

查看所有端口

# netstat -a|head -4
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:sunrpc          0.0.0.0:\*               LISTEN
tcp        0      0 chao:domain             0.0.0.0:\*               LISTEN

查看tcp端口

# netstat -at
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:sunrpc          0.0.0.0:\*               LISTEN
tcp        0      0 chao:domain             0.0.0.0:\*               LISTEN
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:ssh             0.0.0.0:\*               LISTEN
tcp        0      0 localhos:x11-ssh-offset 0.0.0.0:\*               LISTEN
tcp        0     36 chao:ssh                172.16.1.100:57418      ESTABLISHED
tcp6       0      0 [::]:sunrpc             [::]:\*                  LISTEN
tcp6       0      0 [::]:ssh                [::]:\*                  LISTEN
tcp6       0      0 localhos:x11-ssh-offset [::]:\*                  LISTEN

查看udp端口

# netstat -au
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State
udp        0      0 chao:domain             0.0.0.0:\*
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:bootps          0.0.0.0:\*
udp        0      0 localhost:323           0.0.0.0:\*
udp6       0      0 localhost:323           [::]:\*

traceroute查看路由信息

# traceroute to www.baidu.com (103.235.46.39), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
 1  gateway (172.16.1.254)  0.132 ms  0.062 ms  0.086 ms
 2  \* \* \*
 3  \* \* \*
 4  \* \* \*
 5  \* \* \*
 6  \* \* \*
 7  \* \* \*
 8  \* \* \*
 9  \* \* \*
10  \* \* \*
11  \* \* \*
12  \* \* \*
13  \* \* \*