bash shell:获取当前脚本的绝对路径(pwd/readlink)

本文介绍了两种在Shell脚本中获取当前执行脚本绝对路径的方法:使用dirname结合cd和pwd命令,以及利用readlink命令简化路径获取过程。

dirname

有时候,我们需要知道当前执行的输出shell脚本的所在绝对路径,可以用dirname实现。
我们知道 dirname 可以获取一个文件所在的路径,dirname的用处是:

输出已经去除了尾部的"/“字符部分的名称;如果名称中不包含”/“,
则显示”."(表示当前目录)。

下面是dirname的命令行说明:
这里写图片描述
从上面的描述可知道,直接从dirname返回的未必是绝对路径,取决于提供给dirname的参数是否是绝对路径。
所以下面这样的代码中SHELL_FOLDER中不一定是绝对路径

SHELL_FOLDER=$(dirname "$0")

需要用cdpwd命令配合获取脚本所在绝对路径,正确的写法是这样的,

SHELL_FOLDER=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")";pwd)

readlink

如果你觉得上面的写法比较麻烦,还有一个方式获取脚本的绝对路径,就是借助readlink命令,下面是readlink的命令行说明:
这里写图片描述

所以用readlink命令我们可以直接获取$0参数的全路径文件名,然后再用dirname获取其所在的绝对路径:

SHELL_FOLDER=$(dirname $(readlink -f "$0"))

参考:
http://my.oschina.net/leejun2005/blog/150662
http://blog.youkuaiyun.com/zz198808/article/details/9319479

[root@yfw ~]# cd /etc/systemd/system [root@yfw system]# ls -l /opt/openfire/lib/startup.jar -rwxr-xr-x 1 openfire openfire 51542 Feb 1 1980 /opt/openfire/lib/startup.jar [root@yfw system]# sudo -u openfire cat /opt/openfire/lib/startup.jar | head -c 4 PK[root@yfw system]# sudo sed -i '/^su -s \/bin\/sh -c/c\ > su -s /bin/sh -c "\ > echo \"DEBUG: Current user: $(whoami)\";\ > echo \"DEBUG: Current dir: $(pwd)\";\ > echo \"DEBUG: Checking startup.jar...\";\ > ls -l lib/startup.jar;\ > file lib/startup.jar;\ > java -cp lib/startup.jar org.jivesoftware.openfire.starter.ServerStarter --help 2>&1 || echo \\\"Failed to run ServerStarter\\\";\ > echo \"Starting OpenFire正式启动...\";\ > exec '\"$JAVA\"' \ > -server \ > -Xms64m \ > -Xmx512m \ > -DopenfireHome=\"'$OPENFIRE_HOME'\" \ > -Dopenfire.lib.dir=\"'$OPENFIRE_HOME'/lib\" \ > -Dlog4j.configurationFile=\"file://'$OPENFIRE_HOME'/lib/log4j2.xml\" \ > -classpath '\"$CP\"' \ > org.jivesoftware.openfire.starter.ServerStarter" openfire >> "$LOG_FILE" 2>&1 &\' /opt/openfire/bin/start.sh [root@yfw system]# /opt/openfire/bin/start.sh Using Java: /usr/lib/jvm/java-17-openjdk/bin/java Java Version: openjdk version "17.0.1" 2021-10-19 LTS OpenJDK Runtime Environment 21.9 (build 17.0.1+12-LTS) OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM 21.9 (build 17.0.1+12-LTS, mixed mode, sharing) Classpath: /opt/openfire/lib/activation-1.1.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/apache-el-9.0.107.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/apache-jsp-9.0.107.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/asm-9.8.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/asm-commons-9.8.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/asm-tree-9.8.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/bcpg-jdk18on-1.78.1.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/bcpkix-jdk18on-1.78.1.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/bcprov-jdk18on-1.78.1.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/bcutil-jdk18on-1.78.1.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/caffeine-3.2.0.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/checker-qual-3.33.0.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/common-image-3.9.4.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/common-io-3.9.4.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/common-lang-3.9.4.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/commons-codec-1.15.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/commons-dbcp2-2.9.0.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/commons-ip-math-1.32.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/commons-lang3-3.18.0.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/commons-logging-1.2.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/commons-pool2-2.9.0.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/commons-text-1.10.0.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/dom4j-2.1.4.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/dwr-3.0.2-RELEASE.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/ecj-3.33.0.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/error_prone_annotations-2.18.0.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/failureaccess-1.0.1.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/guava-32.0.1-jre.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/hsqldb-2.7.1.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/httpclient-4.5.13.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/httpcore-4.4.13.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/i18n-5.0.2.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/imageio-bmp-3.9.4.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/imageio-core-3.9.4.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/istack-commons-runtime-3.0.11.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/j2objc-annotations-2.8.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/jakarta.activation-1.2.2.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/jakarta.annotation-api-1.3.5.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/jakarta.transaction-api-1.3.3.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/jakarta.xml.bind-api-2.3.3.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/jansi-1.18.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/javax.activation-api-1.2.0.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/javax.mail-1.6.2.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/jaxb-api-2.3.1.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/jaxb-runtime-2.3.3.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/jaxen-1.2.0.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/jcip-annotations-1.0.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/jcl-over-slf4j-2.0.9.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/jetty-ee-12.0.24.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/jetty-ee8-annotations-12.0.24.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/jetty-ee8-apache-jsp-12.0.24.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/jetty-ee8-nested-12.0.24.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/jetty-ee8-plus-12.0.24.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/jetty-ee8-security-12.0.24.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/jetty-ee8-servlet-12.0.24.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/jetty-ee8-webapp-12.0.24.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/jetty-ee8-websocket-jetty-api-12.0.24.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/jetty-ee8-websocket-jetty-common-12.0.24.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/jetty-ee8-websocket-jetty-server-12.0.24.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/jetty-ee8-websocket-servlet-12.0.24.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/jetty-http-12.0.24.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/jetty-io-12.0.24.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/jetty-jmx-12.0.24.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/jetty-jndi-12.0.24.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/jetty-plus-12.0.24.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/jetty-security-12.0.24.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/jetty-server-12.0.24.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/jetty-servlet-api-4.0.6.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/jetty-session-12.0.24.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/jetty-util-12.0.24.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/jetty-websocket-core-common-12.0.24.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/jetty-websocket-core-server-12.0.24.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/jetty-xml-12.0.24.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/jmdns-1.0.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/jsmpp-2.3.10.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/json-20231013.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/jspecify-1.0.0.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/jsr305-3.0.2.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/jtds-1.3.1.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/jzlib-1.1.3.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/libidn-1.35.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/listenablefuture-9999.0-empty-to-avoid-conflict-with-guava.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/log4j-api-2.20.0.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/log4j-core-2.20.0.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/log4j-slf4j2-impl-2.20.0.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/mssql-jdbc-9.4.1.jre11.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/mysql-connector-j-8.2.0.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/netty-all-4.1.118.Final.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/netty-buffer-4.1.118.Final.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/netty-codec-4.1.118.Final.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/netty-codec-dns-4.1.118.Final.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/netty-codec-haproxy-4.1.118.Final.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/netty-codec-http2-4.1.118.Final.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/netty-codec-http-4.1.118.Final.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/netty-codec-memcache-4.1.118.Final.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/netty-codec-mqtt-4.1.118.Final.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/netty-codec-redis-4.1.118.Final.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/netty-codec-smtp-4.1.118.Final.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/netty-codec-socks-4.1.118.Final.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/netty-codec-stomp-4.1.118.Final.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/netty-codec-xml-4.1.118.Final.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/netty-common-4.1.118.Final.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/netty-handler-4.1.118.Final.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/netty-handler-proxy-4.1.118.Final.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/netty-handler-ssl-ocsp-4.1.118.Final.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/netty-resolver-4.1.118.Final.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/netty-resolver-dns-4.1.118.Final.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/netty-resolver-dns-classes-macos-4.1.118.Final.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/netty-resolver-dns-native-macos-4.1.118.Final-osx-aarch_64.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/netty-resolver-dns-native-macos-4.1.118.Final-osx-x86_64.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/netty-transport-4.1.118.Final.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/netty-transport-classes-epoll-4.1.118.Final.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/netty-transport-classes-kqueue-4.1.118.Final.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/netty-transport-native-epoll-4.1.118.Final-linux-aarch_64.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/netty-transport-native-epoll-4.1.118.Final-linux-riscv64.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/netty-transport-native-epoll-4.1.118.Final-linux-x86_64.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/netty-transport-native-kqueue-4.1.118.Final-osx-aarch_64.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/netty-transport-native-kqueue-4.1.118.Final-osx-x86_64.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/netty-transport-native-unix-common-4.1.118.Final.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/netty-transport-rxtx-4.1.118.Final.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/netty-transport-sctp-4.1.118.Final.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/netty-transport-udt-4.1.118.Final.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/ojdbc11-23.7.0.25.01.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/ons-23.7.0.25.01.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/oraclepki-23.7.0.25.01.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/orai18n-23.7.0.25.01.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/postgresql-42.7.7.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/rsi-23.7.0.25.01.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/shaj-0.5.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/simplefan-23.7.0.25.01.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/sitemesh-2.5.0.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/slf4j-api-2.0.9.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/startup.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/taglibs-standard-impl-1.2.5.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/taglibs-standard-spec-1.2.5.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/tinder-2.1.0.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/txw2-2.3.3.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/ucp-23.7.0.25.01.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/xdb-23.7.0.25.01.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/xmppserver-5.0.2.jar:/opt/openfire/lib/xpp3-1.1.4c.0.jar Starting OpenFire... /opt/openfire/bin/start.sh: line 48: cd: $OPENFIRE_HOME: No such file or directory /opt/openfire/bin/start.sh: line 49: exec: $JAVA: not found [root@yfw system]# tail -f /opt/openfire/logs/nohup.out DEBUG: Current user: root DEBUG: Current dir: /opt/openfire DEBUG: Checking startup.jar... -rwxr-xr-x 1 openfire openfire 51542 Feb 1 1980 lib/startup.jar lib/startup.jar: Zip archive data, at least v1.0 to extract Error: LinkageError occurred while loading main class org.jivesoftware.openfire.starter.ServerStarter java.lang.UnsupportedClassVersionError: org/jivesoftware/openfire/starter/ServerStarter has been compiled by a more recent version of the Java Runtime (class file version 61.0), this version of the Java Runtime only recognizes class file versions up to 55.0 "Failed to run ServerStarter" Starting OpenFire正式启动... sh: line 0: exec: -s: invalid option exec: usage: exec [-cl] [-a name] [command [arguments ...]] [redirection ...]
最新发布
11-16
<think>好的,用户想了解在Shell脚本中如何获取当前运行脚本绝对路径。我需要先回忆相关的知识点,确保信息的准确性。首先,Shell有不同的方式获取脚本路径,但需要注意不同方法之间的差异以及兼容性问题。 我记得常用的方法是使用Bash的`$BASH_SOURCE`变量。这个变量在Bash中指向当前执行的脚本路径。不过,用户可能使用的是不同的Shell,比如sh,这时候可能需要用`$0`。但要注意,当脚本被source时,`$0`可能会返回shell的名称而不是脚本路径,所以需要处理这种情况。 然后,结合dirname和realpath或者readlink获取绝对路径。例如,`dirname $BASH_SOURCE`可以得到脚本的目录,但可能还是相对路径。所以需要用realpath或者readlink转换为绝对路径。不过,不同的系统可能这些命令的参数不一样,比如在macOS上,realpath可能默认不可用,需要安装coreutils,或者改用其他方法。 另外,考虑到跨平台的兼容性,可能需要使用更通用的方法。比如,使用`cd`和`pwd`的组合来获取绝对路径。例如:`SCRIPT_DIR=$(cd -- "$(dirname -- "$BASH_SOURCE")" &>/dev/null && pwd)`。这样可以处理符号链接的情况吗?或者是否需要添加`-P`参数来解析物理路径? 还有,当脚本被符号链接时,如何获取实际的文件路径?这时候可能需要使用`readlink -f`,但在macOS上,`readlink`可能不支持`-f`参数,需要改用`greadlink`。但这样又会增加复杂性,用户可能需要判断系统类型。 需要提醒用户注意不同Shell和系统的差异,尤其是Bash和sh之间的区别。比如,在sh中,`$BASH_SOURCE`不可用,只能用`$0`。但`$0`在source脚本时会变成shell的路径,所以需要检查是否被source执行的情况。 可能还需要给出几个不同的示例,说明在不同情况下如何正确获取路径,并解释每个步骤的作用。同时,指出潜在的陷阱,比如空格在路径中导致的问题,需要用引号包裹变量。 总结一下,回答的结构应该是先介绍基本方法,然后讨论兼容性和不同情况下的处理,最后给出推荐的可靠方法,并说明注意事项。这样用户可以根据自己的需求选择合适的方式,并避免常见错误。</think>在Shell脚本获取当前运行脚本绝对路径,推荐使用以下两种最可靠的方式: 一、通用兼容方案(推荐) ```bash #!/bin/bash SCRIPT_DIR=$(cd -- "$(dirname -- "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" &>/dev/null && pwd) SCRIPT_PATH="${SCRIPT_DIR}/$(basename "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" echo "脚本目录:${SCRIPT_DIR}" echo "完整路径:${SCRIPT_PATH}" ``` 二、支持realpath命令的方案(更简洁) ```bash #!/bin/bash SCRIPT_PATH=$(realpath "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}") SCRIPT_DIR=$(dirname "${SCRIPT_PATH}") echo "脚本目录:${SCRIPT_DIR}" echo "完整路径:${SCRIPT_PATH}" ``` 注意事项: 1. 必须使用`${BASH_SOURCE[0]}`而不是`$0`: - `$0`在脚本被source执行时会失效(显示为shell名称) - `${BASH_SOURCE[0]}`始终指向当前脚本路径 2. 路径中的特殊字符处理: - 所有路径变量必须用双引号包裹(处理空格等特殊字符) - 使用`cd --`确保以`-`开头的路径被正确处理 3. 不同系统差异: - macOS需要先安装coreutils才能使用`realpath`命令 ```bash brew install coreutils # 安装后使用grealpath ``` 4. 符号链接处理: - `realpath`默认会解析符号链接 - 若需要保留符号链接,使用: ```bash realpath -s "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}" # 不解析符号链接 ``` 5. 安全判断逻辑(增强健壮性): ```bash if [[ "$(basename "${SCRIPT_PATH}")" == "$(basename "$0")" ]]; then echo "脚本直接执行" else echo "脚本被source执行" fi ``` 典型应用场景示例: ```bash #!/bin/bash # 获取脚本所在目录的绝对路径 script_dir=$(cd -- "$(dirname -- "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" &>/dev/null && pwd) # 加载同目录下的配置文件 source "${script_dir}/config.cfg" # 切换到脚本所在目录执行操作 (cd "${script_dir}" && ./sub_script.sh) # 访问同级资源文件 icon_path="${script_dir}/assets/icon.png" ``` 各方案对比: | 方法 | 优点 | 缺点 | 适用场景 | |-------------------|-----------------------|-------------------------|---------------------| | cd + pwd组合 | 无需额外命令 | 需要处理路径拼接 | 通用环境 | | realpath方案 | 语法简洁 | 依赖额外软件包 | Linux系统 | | readlink -f方案 | 直接解析符号链接 | macOS不原生支持 | 需要解析符号链接 | 扩展知识: 当脚本被不同方式调用时路径的表现: ``` 直接执行: ./test.sh → $0 = ./test.sh bash执行: bash test.sh → $0 = test.sh source执行: source test.sh → $0 = -bashBASH_SOURCE仍有效) 符号链接: ln -s test.sh link.sh → 可解析真实路径 ```
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