The method * from the type * is not visible

本文深入探讨了Java中访问控制符protected的微妙之处,通过具体的代码示例解释了为何子类只能访问自身继承的protected成员,而无法访问同级其他子类的protected成员。

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一提到访问控制符protected,即使是初学者一般都会很自信的认为自己在这方面的理解没有问题。那好,我们提一个问题出来看看…

问题提出:
   请看下面两端代码,其中包B中的猫和鼠都继承了动物类。

package testa;    
public class Animal {    
    protected void crowl(String c){    
        System.out.println(c);    
    }    
}

代码2:

package testb;
import testa.Animal;

class Cat extends Animal 
{  
    
}  
public class Rat extends Animal{  
    public void crowl(){  
              this.crowl("zhi zhi"); //没有问题,继承了Animal中的protected方法——crowl(String)  
              Animal ani=new Animal();
              ani.crowl("animail jiaojiao"); //wrong, The method crowl(String) from the type Animal is not visible 
              Cat cat=new Cat();  
              cat.crowl("miao miao"); //wrong, The method crowl(String) from the type Animal is not visible  
    }  
}

既然,猫和鼠都继承了动物类,那么在鼠类的作用范围内,看不到猫所继承的crowl()方法呢?

症结所在:
       protected受访问保护规则是很微妙的。虽然protected域对所有子类都可见。但是有一点很重要,子类只能在自己的作用范围内访问自己继承的那个父类protected,而无法到访问别的子类(同父类的亲兄弟)所继承的protected域和父类对象的protectedani.crow1()说白了就是:老鼠只能"zhi,zhi"。即使他能看见猫(可以在自己的作用域内创建一个cat对象),也永远无法学会猫叫
       也就是说,cat所继承的crowl方法在cat类作用范围内可见。但在rat类作用范围内不可见,即使rat,cat是亲兄弟也不行。

这就是为什么我们在用clone方法的时候不能简单的直接将对象aObject.clone()出来的原因了。而需要在aObject.bObject=(Bobject)this.bObject.clone();

      总之,当B extends A的时候,在子类B的作用范围内,只能调用本子类B定义的对象的protected方法(该方法从父类A中继承而来)。而不能调用其他A类(A 本身和从A继承)对象的protected方法

另外:同包内均和派生类中可比默认[default|package](只包内能使用) 权限大一点。

如把上面代码放到同一package 里就可以访问了。

package com;

import testa.Ani;
class Animail {  
    protected void crowl(String c){  
        System.out.println(c);  
    }  
}  
class Cat extends Animail{  
      
}  
public class Rat extends Animail{  
    public void crowl(){  
                crowl("zhi zhi"); //没有问题,继承了Animal中的protected方法——crowl(String) 
                Animail ani=new Animail();
                ani.crowl("animail jiaojiao");
                Cat cat=new Cat();  
                cat.crowl("miao miao"); //wrong, The method crowl(String) from the type Animal is not visible  
              
    }
    
    public static void main(String[] args){
    	Rat rat=new Rat();
    	rat.crowl();
    }
} 
运行结果:
zhi zhi
animail jiaojiao
miao miao


帮我写出以下java代码:Add a class Bubble that extends Shape. The Bubble class has an instance variable called radius of type double that represents the radius of the bubble. The constructor of the Bubble class takes an x and a y as arguments, which represent the position of the new bubble. The radius of a new bubble is always 10 and never changes after that. The isVisible method indicates whether the bubble is currently visible inside a window of width w and height h (position (0, 0) is in the upper-left corner of the window). The bubble is considered visible if at least one pixel of the bubble is visible. Therefore a bubble might be visible even when its center is outside the window, as long as the edge of the bubble is still visible inside the window. The code of the isVisible method is a little bit complex, mostly because of the case where the center of the circle is just outside one of the corners of the window. So here is the code of the isVisible method, which you can directly copy-paste into your assignment: // Find the point (wx, wy) inside the window which is closest to the // center (x, y) of the circle. In other words, find the wx in the // interval [0, w - 1] which is closest to x, and find the wy in the // interval [0, h - 1] which is closest to y. // If the distance between (wx, wy) and (x, y) is less than the radius // of the circle (using Pythagoras's theorem) then at least part of // the circle is visible in the window. // Note: if the center of the circle is inside the window, then (wx, wy) // is the same as (x, y), and the distance is 0. public boolean isVisible(int w, int h) { double x = getX(); double y = getY(); double wx = (x < 0 ? 0 : (x > w - 1 ? w - 1 : x)); double wy = (y < 0 ? 0 : (y > h - 1 ? h - 1 : y)); double dx = wx - x; double dy = wy - y; return dx * dx + dy * dy <= radius * radius; } The isIn method indicates whether the point at coordinates (x, y) (which are the arguments of the method) is currently inside the bubble or not. The edge of the bubble counts as being inside of the bubble. HINT: use Pythagoras's theorem to compute the distance from the center of the bubble to the point (x, y). The draw method uses the graphics object g to draw the bubble. HINT: remember that the color of the graphics object g is changed in the draw method of the superclass of Bubble. Also add a testBubble method to test all your methods (including inherited methods, but excluding the isVisible method, which I provide, and excluding the draw method since it requires as argument a graphics object g that you
05-22
你还在狡辩,再给你完整SAP note 1854763: Symptom Material number or Quantity is not updated in FI document because you have set up summarization procedure from the documents coming from MM module. Environment Financial Accounting (FI) SAP ERP SAP ERP Central Component SAP enhancement package for SAP ERP SAP enhancement package for SAP ERP, version for SAP HANA SAP R/3 SAP R/3 Enterprise SAP S/4HANA Finance SAP S/4HANA Reproducing the Issue Create MM document BSEG-MATNR or BSEG-MENGE in accounting document is not updated Cause Please have a look at the reference procedure of the affected FI document (-> BKPF-AWTYP), and have a look at transaction OBCY, whether a summarization is defined in FI for this reference procedure (AWTYP). If field BSEG-MATNR, BSEG-MENGE etc. is contained in transaction OBCY for this reference procedure (AWTYP), the content in field BSEG-MATNR is deleted in FI for summarization reasons. Please refer to note 36353 which has very good information about summarisation. If you have summarization activated, the contents of the field are deleted in every document for the respective reference procedure and the document line items are summarized. Resolution Please check table TTYPV (in transaction OBCY): if you want to get the field material, quantity etc. in the accounting document, this field must NOT be in the table TTYPV, because FI is deleting all fields of TTYPV to make the summarization. First please remove the material field from the table TTYPV so that it can pass from MM to FI. For the historical data, please first add a document change rule to make the field BSEG-MATNR, BSEG-MENGE etc. modifiable by path SPRO -> FI ->Global Settings -> Document -> Line item -> Controls -> Document change rule. Then make sure it is visible in the line item and add it to the posted documents.
08-02
zhouweixiang@KI-ZJ-2961:~/addSecret/fastzip-test$ mvn exec:java -Dexec.mainClass="com.example.CompressionRunner" [INFO] Scanning for projects... [INFO] [INFO] ----------------------< com.example:fastzip-test >---------------------- [INFO] Building fastzip-test 1.0-SNAPSHOT [INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]--------------------------------- [INFO] [INFO] --- exec-maven-plugin:3.5.1:java (default-cli) @ fastzip-test --- [WARNING] java.lang.Error: Unresolved compilation problem: The method toSeconds() from the type Duration is not visible at com.example.CompressionRunner.main (CompressionRunner.java:40) at org.codehaus.mojo.exec.ExecJavaMojo.doMain (ExecJavaMojo.java:371) at org.codehaus.mojo.exec.ExecJavaMojo.doExec (ExecJavaMojo.java:360) at org.codehaus.mojo.exec.ExecJavaMojo.lambda$execute$0 (ExecJavaMojo.java:280) at java.lang.Thread.run (Thread.java:829) [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] BUILD FAILURE [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] Total time: 0.301 s [INFO] Finished at: 2025-08-19T10:59:17+08:00 [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [ERROR] Failed to execute goal org.codehaus.mojo:exec-maven-plugin:3.5.1:java (default-cli) on project fastzip-test: An exception occurred while executing the Java class. Unresolved compilation problem: [ERROR] The method toSeconds() from the type Duration is not visible [ERROR] [ERROR] -> [Help 1] [ERROR] [ERROR] To see the full stack trace of the errors, re-run Maven with the -e switch. [ERROR] Re-run Maven using the -X switch to enable full debug logging. [ERROR] [ERROR] For more information about the errors and possible solutions, please read the following articles: [ERROR] [Help 1] http://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/MAVEN/MojoExecutionException zhouweixiang@KI-ZJ-2961:~/addSecret/fastzip-test$
最新发布
08-20
详细分析解释一下chromium源码中的下面的函数: class OmniboxViewViews : public OmniboxView, public views::Textfield, #if BUILDFLAG(IS_CHROMEOS) public ash::input_method::InputMethodManager::CandidateWindowObserver, #endif public views::TextfieldController, public ui::CompositorObserver, public TemplateURLServiceObserver { METADATA_HEADER(OmniboxViewViews, views::Textfield) public: // Max width of the gradient mask used to smooth ElideAnimation edges. static const int kSmoothingGradientMaxWidth = 15; OmniboxViewViews(std::unique_ptr<OmniboxClient> client, bool popup_window_mode, LocationBarView* location_bar_view, const gfx::FontList& font_list); OmniboxViewViews(const OmniboxViewViews&) = delete; OmniboxViewViews& operator=(const OmniboxViewViews&) = delete; ~OmniboxViewViews() override; // Initialize, create the underlying views, etc. void Init(); // Exposes the RenderText for tests. #if defined(UNIT_TEST) gfx::RenderText* GetRenderText() { return views::Textfield::GetRenderText(); } #endif // For use when switching tabs, this saves the current state onto the tab so // that it can be restored during a later call to Update(). void SaveStateToTab(content::WebContents* tab); // Called when the window's active tab changes. void OnTabChanged(const content::WebContents* web_contents); // Called to clear the saved state for |web_contents|. void ResetTabState(content::WebContents* web_contents); // Installs the placeholder text with the name of the current default search // provider. For example, if Google is the default search provider, this shows // "Search Google or type a URL" when the Omnibox is empty and unfocused. void InstallPlaceholderText(); // Indicates if the cursor is at the end of the input. Requires that both // ends of the selection reside there. bool GetSelectionAtEnd() const; // Returns the width in pixels needed to display the current text. The // returned value includes margins. int GetTextWidth() const; // Returns the width in pixels needed to display the current text unelided. int GetUnelidedTextWidth() const; // Returns the omnibox's width in pixels. int GetWidth() const; // OmniboxView: void EmphasizeURLComponents() override; void Update() override; std::u16string GetText() const override; using OmniboxView::SetUserText; void SetUserText(const std::u16string& text, bool update_popup) override; void SetWindowTextAndCaretPos(const std::u16string& text, size_t caret_pos, bool update_popup, bool notify_text_changed) override; void SetAdditionalText(const std::u16string& additional_text) override; void EnterKeywordModeForDefaultSearchProvider() override; bool IsSelectAll() const override; void GetSelectionBounds(std::u16string::size_type* start, std::u16string::size_type* end) const override; void SelectAll(bool reversed) override; void RevertAll() override; void SetFocus(bool is_user_initiated) override; bool IsImeComposing() const override; gfx::NativeView GetRelativeWindowForPopup() const override; bool IsImeShowingPopup() const override; // views::Textfield: gfx::Size GetMinimumSize() const override; bool OnMousePressed(const ui::MouseEvent& event) override; bool OnMouseDragged(const ui::MouseEvent& event) override; void OnMouseReleased(const ui::MouseEvent& event) override; void OnPaint(gfx::Canvas* canvas) override; void ExecuteCommand(int command_id, int event_flags) override; void OnInputMethodChanged() override; void AddedToWidget() override; void RemovedFromWidget() override; std::u16string GetLabelForCommandId(int command_id) const override; bool IsCommandIdEnabled(int command_id) const override; // For testing only. OmniboxPopupView* GetPopupViewForTesting() const; protected: // OmniboxView: void UpdateSchemeStyle(const gfx::Range& range) override; // views::Textfield: void OnThemeChanged() override; bool IsDropCursorForInsertion() const override; // Wrappers around Textfield methods that tests can override. virtual void ApplyColor(SkColor color, const gfx::Range& range); virtual void ApplyStyle(gfx::TextStyle style, bool value, const gfx::Range& range); private: friend class TestingOmniboxView; FRIEND_TEST_ALL_PREFIXES(OmniboxPopupViewViewsTest, EmitAccessibilityEvents); // TODO(tommycli): Remove the rest of these friends after porting these // browser tests to unit tests. FRIEND_TEST_ALL_PREFIXES(OmniboxViewViewsTest, CloseOmniboxPopupOnTextDrag); FRIEND_TEST_ALL_PREFIXES(OmniboxViewViewsTest, FriendlyAccessibleLabel); FRIEND_TEST_ALL_PREFIXES(OmniboxViewViewsTest, DoNotNavigateOnDrop); FRIEND_TEST_ALL_PREFIXES(OmniboxViewViewsTest, AyncDropCallback); FRIEND_TEST_ALL_PREFIXES(OmniboxViewViewsTest, AccessibleTextSelectBoundTest); enum class UnelisionGesture { HOME_KEY_PRESSED, MOUSE_RELEASE, OTHER, }; // Update the field with |text| and set the selection. |ranges| should not be // empty; even text with no selections must have at least 1 empty range in // |ranges| to indicate the cursor position. void SetTextAndSelectedRange(const std::u16string& text, const gfx::Range& selection); // Returns the selected text. std::u16string_view GetSelectedText() const; void UpdateAccessibleTextSelection() override; // Paste text from the clipboard into the omnibox. // Textfields implementation of Paste() pastes the contents of the clipboard // as is. We want to strip whitespace and other things (see GetClipboardText() // for details). The function invokes OnBefore/AfterPossibleChange() as // necessary. void OnOmniboxPaste(); // Handle keyword hint tab-to-search and tabbing through dropdown results. bool HandleEarlyTabActions(const ui::KeyEvent& event); void ClearAccessibilityLabel(); void SetAccessibilityLabel(const std::u16string& display_text, const AutocompleteMatch& match, bool notify_text_changed) override; // Returns true if the user text was updated with the full URL (without // steady-state elisions). |gesture| is the user gesture causing unelision. bool UnapplySteadyStateElisions(UnelisionGesture gesture); #if BUILDFLAG(IS_MAC) void AnnounceFriendlySuggestionText(); #endif // Get the preferred text input type, this checks the IME locale on Windows. ui::TextInputType GetPreferredTextInputType() const; // OmniboxView: void SetCaretPos(size_t caret_pos) override; void UpdatePopup() override; void ApplyCaretVisibility() override; void OnTemporaryTextMaybeChanged(const std::u16string& display_text, const AutocompleteMatch& match, bool save_original_selection, bool notify_text_changed) override; void OnInlineAutocompleteTextMaybeChanged( const std::u16string& user_text, const std::u16string& inline_autocompletion) override; void OnInlineAutocompleteTextCleared() override; void OnRevertTemporaryText(const std::u16string& display_text, const AutocompleteMatch& match) override; void OnBeforePossibleChange() override; bool OnAfterPossibleChange(bool allow_keyword_ui_change) override; void OnKeywordPlaceholderTextChange() override; gfx::NativeView GetNativeView() const override; void ShowVirtualKeyboardIfEnabled() override; void HideImeIfNeeded() override; int GetOmniboxTextLength() const override; void SetEmphasis(bool emphasize, const gfx::Range& range) override; // views::View void OnMouseMoved(const ui::MouseEvent& event) override; void OnMouseExited(const ui::MouseEvent& event) override; // views::Textfield: bool IsItemForCommandIdDynamic(int command_id) const override; void OnGestureEvent(ui::GestureEvent* event) override; bool SkipDefaultKeyEventProcessing(const ui::KeyEvent& event) override; bool HandleAccessibleAction(const ui::AXActionData& action_data) override; void OnFocus() override; void OnBlur() override; std::u16string GetSelectionClipboardText() const override; void DoInsertChar(char16_t ch) override; bool IsTextEditCommandEnabled(ui::TextEditCommand command) const override; void ExecuteTextEditCommand(ui::TextEditCommand command) override; bool ShouldShowPlaceholderText() const override; void UpdateAccessibleValue() override; // ash::input_method::InputMethodManager::CandidateWindowObserver: #if BUILDFLAG(IS_CHROMEOS) void CandidateWindowOpened( ash::input_method::InputMethodManager* manager) override; void CandidateWindowClosed( ash::input_method::InputMethodManager* manager) override; #endif // views::TextfieldController: void ContentsChanged(views::Textfield* sender, const std::u16string& new_contents) override; bool HandleKeyEvent(views::Textfield* sender, const ui::KeyEvent& key_event) override; void OnBeforeUserAction(views::Textfield* sender) override; void OnAfterUserAction(views::Textfield* sender) override; void OnAfterCutOrCopy(ui::ClipboardBuffer clipboard_buffer) override; void OnWriteDragData(ui::OSExchangeData* data) override; void OnGetDragOperationsForTextfield(int* drag_operations) override; void AppendDropFormats( int* formats, std::set<ui::ClipboardFormatType>* format_types) override; ui::mojom::DragOperation OnDrop(const ui::DropTargetEvent& event) override; views::View::DropCallback CreateDropCallback( const ui::DropTargetEvent& event) override; void UpdateContextMenu(ui::SimpleMenuModel* menu_contents) override; // ui::SimpleMenuModel::Delegate: bool IsCommandIdChecked(int id) const override; // ui::CompositorObserver: void OnCompositingDidCommit(ui::Compositor* compositor) override; void OnCompositingStarted(ui::Compositor* compositor, base::TimeTicks start_time) override; void OnDidPresentCompositorFrame( uint32_t frame_token, const gfx::PresentationFeedback& feedback) override; void OnCompositingShuttingDown(ui::Compositor* compositor) override; // TemplateURLServiceObserver: void OnTemplateURLServiceChanged() override; // Permits launch of the external protocol handler after user actions in // the omnibox. The handler needs to be informed that omnibox input should // always be considered "user gesture-triggered", lest it always return BLOCK. void PermitExternalProtocolHandler(); // Drops dragged text and updates `output_drag_op` accordingly. void PerformDrop(const ui::DropTargetEvent& event, ui::mojom::DragOperation& output_drag_op, std::unique_ptr<ui::LayerTreeOwner> drag_image_layer_owner); // Helper method to construct part of the context menu. void MaybeAddSendTabToSelfItem(ui::SimpleMenuModel* menu_contents); // Called when the popup view becomes visible. void OnPopupOpened(); // Helper for updating placeholder color depending on whether its a keyword or // DSE placeholder. void UpdatePlaceholderTextColor(); // When true, the location bar view is read only and also is has a slightly // different presentation (smaller font size). This is used for popups. bool popup_window_mode_; // Owns either an OmniboxPopupViewViews or an OmniboxPopupViewWebUI. std::unique_ptr<OmniboxPopupView> popup_view_; base::CallbackListSubscription popup_view_opened_subscription_; // Selection persisted across temporary text changes, like popup suggestions. gfx::Range saved_temporary_selection_; // Holds the user's selection across focus changes. There is only a saved // selection if this range IsValid(). gfx::Range saved_selection_for_focus_change_; // Tracking state before and after a possible change. State state_before_change_; bool ime_composing_before_change_ = false; // |location_bar_view_| can be NULL in tests. raw_ptr<LocationBarView> location_bar_view_; #if BUILDFLAG(IS_CHROMEOS) // True if the IME candidate window is open. When this is true, we want to // avoid showing the popup. So far, the candidate window is detected only // on Chrome OS. bool ime_candidate_window_open_ = false; #endif // True if any mouse button is currently depressed. bool is_mouse_pressed_ = false; // Applies a minimum threshold to drag events after unelision. Because the // text shifts after unelision, we don't want unintentional mouse drags to // change the selection. bool filter_drag_events_for_unelision_ = false; // Should we select all the text when we see the mouse button get released? // We select in response to a click that focuses the omnibox, but we defer // until release, setting this variable back to false if we saw a drag, to // allow the user to select just a portion of the text. bool select_all_on_mouse_release_ = false; // Indicates if we want to select all text in the omnibox when we get a // GESTURE_TAP. We want to select all only when the textfield is not in focus // and gets a tap. So we use this variable to remember focus state before tap. bool select_all_on_gesture_tap_ = false; // Whether the user should be notified if the clipboard is restricted. bool show_rejection_ui_if_any_ = false; // Keep track of the word that would be selected if URL is unelided between // a single and double click. This is an edge case where the elided URL is // selected. On the double click, unelision is performed in between the first // and second clicks. This results in both the wrong word to be selected and // the wrong selection length. For example, if example.com is shown and you // try to double click on the "x", it unelides to https://example.com after // the first click, resulting in "https" being selected. size_t next_double_click_selection_len_ = 0; size_t next_double_click_selection_offset_ = 0; // The time of the first character insert operation that has not yet been // painted. Used to measure omnibox responsiveness with a histogram. base::TimeTicks insert_char_time_; // The state machine for logging the Omnibox.CharTypedToRepaintLatency // histogram. enum { NOT_ACTIVE, // Not currently tracking a char typed event. CHAR_TYPED, // Character was typed. ON_PAINT_CALLED, // Character was typed and OnPaint() called. COMPOSITING_COMMIT, // Compositing was committed after OnPaint(). COMPOSITING_STARTED, // Compositing was started. } latency_histogram_state_; // The currently selected match, if any, with additional labelling text // such as the document title and the type of search, for example: // "Google https://google.com location from bookmark", or // "cats are liquid search suggestion". std::u16string friendly_suggestion_text_; // The number of added labelling characters before editable text begins. // For example, "Google https://google.com location from history", // this is set to 7 (the length of "Google "). int friendly_suggestion_text_prefix_length_; base::ScopedObservation<ui::Compositor, ui::CompositorObserver> scoped_compositor_observation_{this}; base::ScopedObservation<TemplateURLService, TemplateURLServiceObserver> scoped_template_url_service_observation_{this}; PrefChangeRegistrar pref_change_registrar_; base::WeakPtrFactory<OmniboxViewViews> weak_factory_{this}; };
08-02
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